Against the background of the coordinated and integrated advancement of the national strategy for ecological civilization construction and the rural revitalization strategy, promoting the coupling and coordination between farmers' livelihood and ecosystem service value has become a key and fundamental pathway to achieve a win-win situation that combines high-quality development of the rural economy and effective ecological protection. Taking Jiangxi Province as the research area, this study employs a set of scientific research methods, including the equivalent factor method, the coupling coordination degree model, and the geographical detector model, to systematically investigate the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and dominant driving factors of the coupling and coordination relationship between farmers' livelihood and ecosystem service value across all prefecture-level cities in Jiangxi Province from 2010 to 2023. The results can be summarized as follows: ① The coupling degree exhibits significant spatial divergence across regions, with an obvious imbalance between the southern and northern parts of the province. Shangrao and Ji'an have maintained a persistently high and stable coupling degree over the years, forming a sound interactive pattern in which ecological protection and farmers' livelihood promote each other. In contrast, resource-based industrial cities such as Xinyu and Yingtan have long been restricted by factors including the occupation of ecological space due to industrial expansion, leading to a consistently low coupling degree that shows a continuous downward trend, making these regions the weak areas of coupling development within the province. ② The overall coupling coordination degree presents an upward trend during the study period, and the relationship between the two systems continues to evolve toward benign interaction and orderly development. Meanwhile, the supporting capacity of ecosystem service value for farmers' livelihood and the feedback effect of livelihood activities on ecological protection have become increasingly prominent at the same time. Among them, the coupling coordination degree between farmers' livelihood and ecosystem service value in Ganzhou City ranks first among all prefecture-level cities in Jiangxi Province.③ Among the single driving factors, industrialization intensity exerts the most significant impact on the coupling and coordination relationship between farmers' livelihood and ecosystem service value. Furthermore, the interactive effect of any two driving factors is stronger than that of each individual factor. This study is expected to provide a useful theoretical reference for promoting the coordinated development of regional ecology and livelihood, as well as for advancing the sustainable revitalization of rural areas.