地质公园景观游憩服务功能-价值关系——以大理苍山世界地质公园为例
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国家自然科学基金(32460419)


Function-value relationship of geopark landscape recreation services: a case study of the Dali Cangshan UNESCO Global Geopark
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    摘要:

    景观游憩服务是地质公园生态系统服务的重要组成部分,其功能-价值关系研究是协调区域游憩服务平衡,实现可持续发展的关键。以苍山世界地质公园为研究对象,通过构建游憩服务功能指标体系,从地质、生态与文化景观资源三个维度评估游憩服务功能量;采用公众参与制图和SolVES模型,从地文奇观、水域风光、地学科普、历史文化和休闲娱乐五个方面评估游憩服务价值量。利用四象限模型、功能-价值指数和耦合协调模型探讨游憩服务功能与价值的空间关系。结果表明(1)苍山世界地质公园游憩服务功能空间格局差异明显,主要分布在山区,以苍山片区最为显著,整体呈现由山区向两侧梯度递减的趋势。游憩服务价值空间格局受经济水平的影响显著,整体沿乡镇呈串联式的带状分布。(2)游憩服务功能与价值关系受到资源本底、管控政策和认知偏好的影响,空间错位显著。从耦合关系来看,呈现基本协调状态,乡镇尺度的耦合差异不明显,呈现连续片状分布。从功能-价值指数上看,整体表现为功能盈余而价值亏缺,内部仅有2个乡镇辖域内呈现价值大于功能的情况。从象限来看,不同功能-价值关系类型均表现为带状分布的特点,主要受山体带、湖泊带和城市带并行的景观格局的影响。(3)根据功能-价值关系评估结果,将研究区划分为游憩服务示范、游憩功能转化、游憩压力缓解和景观资源保育四类区域,并根据上述区域在各乡镇的分布,提出属地管理的差异化策略:巩固发展成果、总结有效经验、推广典型模式;激活需求、挖掘潜力、提升转化效率;缓解游憩压力、优化设施布局、维护服务质量;坚持自然保育、维护景观功能、谨慎发展旅游。研究丰富了景观游憩服务的"功能-价值"系统分析理论框架,并为苍山以及其他世界地质公园游憩资源保护与利用提供科学依据。

    Abstract:

    Landscape recreational services are a key component of geopark ecosystem services. Investigating the function-value relationship is crucial for balancing regional recreational provision and promoting sustainable development. Taking the Cangshan UNESCO Global Geopark as a case, this study developed an indicator system to assess recreational service function from geological, ecological, and cultural landscape dimensions. Using public participatory mapping and the SolVES model, recreational service values were evaluated across five aspects: geomorphological spectacle, waterscape, geoeducation, historical culture, and leisure recreation. Spatial relationships between function and value were examined using a fourquadrant model, a function-value index, and a coupling coordination model. The results showed that: (1) Recreational service function displayed clear spatial heterogeneity, being concentrated in mountainous areas-especially the Cangshan sector-with a gradient decline toward both flanks. Recreational service values formed a beltlike distribution along townships, strongly influenced by socioeconomic development. (2) Marked spatial mismatches between function and value were identified, shaped by natural settings, management policies, and public perception. The coupling coordination between the two was generally moderate, with low intertownship variability and spatially contiguous patterns. The function-value index indicated widespread functional surplus against value deficit across the region, with only two townshiplevel units exhibiting higher value than function. Quadrant analysis revealed beltdriven zoning of different matching types, reflecting the parallel mountainlakeurban landscape structure. (3) Based on the function-value assessment, four management zones were delineated: Recreation Service Demonstration, Recreation Function Transition, Recreation Pressure Mitigation, and Landscape Resource Conservation. Corresponding placebased strategies were proposed: consolidating outcomes and scaling up successful models; stimulating demand and enhancing conversion efficiency; alleviating visitor pressure and optimizing facility layout; and prioritizing ecological conservation with limited tourism development. This study enriches the "function-value" analytical framework for landscape recreational services and offers a scientific basis for the conservation and sustainable use of recreational resources in Cangshan and other global geoparks.

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张海涛,张卓亚,齐君.地质公园景观游憩服务功能-价值关系——以大理苍山世界地质公园为例.生态学报,2026,46(18):9697~9711

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