Lithocarpus uvariifolius (Hance) Rehder, a tree species belonging to the genus Lithocarpus within the family Fagaceae, represents an outstanding edible wild plant. Its nuts are abundant in starch and hold significant ecological and economic value. Niche characteristics and interspecific associations serve as indicators of the capacity of different species to exploit resources and adapt to their environment, as well as to illustrate the cooperative and competitive dynamics among them. These factors also objectively mirror the prevailing stage of community stability. Employing the typical sample-plot survey method, we selected 11 experimental 20m × 20m plots (totaling 44 10m × 10m quadrats) within the Junzi Feng National Nature Reserve in Fujian Province to conduct a comprehensive community survey. Niche characteristics were quantified using the Levins' index (BL) and Shannon-Wiener index (BS) for niche width, and Pianka's index for niche overlap. Interspecific associations were assessed through Chi-square (χ2) tests, the association coefficient (AC), and the percentage of co-occurrence (PC). Our analysis focused on the niche width (BL, BS), niche overlap value (Oih), interspecific associations, and community stability of Lithocarpus uvariifolius alongside other dominant tree species. The findings reveal that Lithocarpus uvariifolius exhibits a relatively high importance value (1.505, ranking 5th) and substantial niche widths (BL = 6.996, BS = 2.009, ranking 3rd among all dominant species) within the community. The analysis of niche overlap among the 22 dominant species (231 pairs) showed that 36.80% of pairs had a value greater than 0.5. Among the 21 species pairs formed by Lithocarpus uvariifolius and other dominant species, 10 pairs demonstrate relatively high ecological overlap (Pianka’s index ≥ 0.5) between the dominant tree species.Through Chi-square tests, association coefficient (AC) analysis, and percentage of co-occurrence (PC) analysis, the results indicate that the association between Lithocarpus uvariifolius and the principal dominant tree species in this community is either insignificant or tends to be negative. A highly significant positive correlation exists between the PC and AC values of dominant tree species and their corresponding ecological niche overlap values. Furthermore, the intersection point between the Godron stability index curve fitting equation for the natural community of Lithocarpus uvariifolius and the linear equation y = 100 - x is notably distant from the community stability point, suggesting suboptimal community stability. Overall, this study reveals the niche characteristics and interspecific associations of the Lithocarpus uvariifolius community in the Junzifeng National Nature Reserve, filling a critical gap in the ecological research on this population. Based on these research findings, we propose the following recommendations: Enhancing the growth environment of Lithocarpus uvariifolius and bolstering community stability through strategies such as tall trees thinning and small-scale protected areas establishment.