Under the background of accelerated urbanization, the surface heat island effect in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration is increasing, which poses a serious challenge to the regional ecological environment, the quality of life of the residents and the sustainable development of the city. Existing research focuses on a single scale, which makes it difficult to systematically analyze the spatial pattern of thermal environment in multi-center urban agglomerations. In this paper, we propose a dual-scale analysis framework of "large-scale heat island network and small-scale cold island network", based on multi-source remote sensing data, combined with morphology spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and circuit theory, to construct the thermal environment regulation network of Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration. The results showed that: (1) at the urban agglomeration scale, 27 heat island sources (with a total area of 4936 km²) and 63 heat island corridors were identified, 22% of which were highly connected corridors (6-59 km in length), which clarify the spatial pattern of heat flow in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration area; (2) at the central city scale, the spatial pattern of cold island sources in Chengdu and Chongqing differed significantly (46 and 36 respectively), and the connectivity of cold island corridors was constrained by topography and land use (82% of highly connected corridors in Chongqing and only 21% in Chengdu); (3) through the integration of the dual-scale network, we propose a "one whole and two centers" cooling network centered on the removal of 21 heat island pinch points and 62 cold island obstacles to optimize the spatial layout of the thermal environment in the study area. This study provides new ideas for cross-scale collaborative management of urban thermal environment, which is of practical significance for urban agglomeration spatial planning.