Faced with global food security challenges and climate change, the agricultural landscape ecological resilience has emerged as a critical issue in addressing ecological degradation, biodiversity loss, and fluctuations in ecosystem services resulting from intensive agriculture. It offers a fresh perspective on balancing food production with the sustainable development of agricultural environments, serving as an essential tool for advancing food security and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. However, existing research lacks comprehensive analyses of the field's overall development trajectory, current status, research hotspots, and emerging trends. Therefore, this paper employs VOSviewer to conduct visual statistical analysis and summarizes the general characteristics of research on agricultural landscape ecological resilience. The results indicate that the volume of publications in this area has gradually increased over the years, with expanding depth and breadth of inquiry; research hotspots focus on resilience, biodiversity, ecosystem services, and landscape patterns; developed nations such as the United States and the United Kingdom lead in shaping research directions; and collaborative networks among countries, institutions, and authors remain relatively loose. Building on this foundation, this paper further reviews progress in the field of agricultural landscape ecological resilience. It finds that this area emerged relatively late and primarily adopts traditional socio-ecological resilience frameworks. Mechanisms for maintaining resilience have been established under the influences of biodiversity, ecosystem services, and landscape heterogeneity. Assessment methods have evolved from qualitative descriptions to quantitative analyses and from static indicators to dynamic simulations. Currently prevalent approaches include composite indicator methods, resilience substitution methods, and model simulation methods. Moreover, resilience-oriented adaptive management practices for agricultural landscapes are continually innovating to enhance the potential for sustainable agricultural development. However, existing research still has limitations. We propose the following recommendations for future research on the agricultural landscape ecological resilience: (1) Clarify the interactions and nested relationships among agricultural resilience at different scales, while constructing a new theoretical framework for ecological resilience in agricultural landscapes that integrates landscape characteristics and multi-scale effects; (2) Under various disturbances such as frequent extreme weather events, declining non-agricultural biodiversity, and diverse agricultural management practices, integrate multi-factor response processes to analyze how different disturbances reshape agricultural landscape ecological resilience through spatial reorganization and biological interactions; (3) Establish a spatiotemporally continuous long-term monitoring system, incorporate new technologies such as machine learning and landscape genomics to enhance the identification and quantification of resilience thresholds and signals for steady-state transitions, and develop high-precision assessment models for ecological resilience in agricultural landscapes; (4) Strengthen research on green production technologies and economic incentive mechanisms, while constructing a multi-stakeholder collaborative governance system to enhance the governance capacity and practical effectiveness of ecological resilience in agricultural landscapes.