The concept of ecosystem products has its origins in the global ecosystem accounting framework and has been progressively localized within China's ecological civilization initiatives. It has become a vital conceptual bridge connecting ecosystem functions with human well-being. Clarifying the definition, core characteristics, and classification of ecosystem products is fundamental for advancing ecosystem product value accounting, as well as for supporting mechanisms such as ecological compensation and market-based instruments rooted in natural capital. However, current classification systems still face several issues, including: (1) Confusion between ecosystem products and ecosystem services; (2) Unclear distinctions between intermediate and final products; (3) Conflation of ecosystem assets with products; (4) Incomplete coverage of ecosystem product categories; (5) Difficulties in balancing standardization with local applicability. These limitations hinder the effective application of ecosystem product classification in both policy and practice. This study systematically clarifies the definition of ecosystem products and identifies their essential characteristics. Ecosystem products are defined as the final goods and services provided by natural or human-managed ecosystems that are directly utilized in human production and daily life, thereby contributing explicitly to human survival and well-being. These products are broadly categorized into three main types: material products (such as food, water, and timber), regulating services (such as water purification and climate regulation), and cultural services (such as aesthetics and recreation). Developed within the context of China's ecological civilization framework, the concept of ecosystem products serves as a localized representation of the final tangible benefits that humans obtain from ecosystems. Building on a comprehensive review of both domestic and international research advances, this paper further distills three defining characteristics of ecosystem products: (1) they originate from natural or anthropogenic ecosystems; (2) they deliver direct and measurable benefits to human well-being; and (3) they constitute the final outputs of ecosystem services, distinct from intermediate products. Moreover, regulating services, as a critical category of ecosystem products, typically possess attributes of public goods. They embody multidimensional ecological and economic values and generate significant externalities, thereby underscoring their importance in ecological policy formulation and implementation. To overcome existing challenges, this study proposes a novel hierarchical classification framework for ecosystem products, centered on the principle of "ultimate benefits to human well-being." This framework clearly differentiates ecosystem products from ecosystem services and assets, providing a multi-tiered taxonomy comprising three primary categories, twenty-five secondary categories, and fifty-two tertiary categories. The proposed classification system establishes a structured foundation for the standardized identification and accounting of ecosystem products. It offers essential technical support for ecosystem product valuation, guides the development of ecological compensation schemes, and facilitates institutional innovations aimed at advancing ecological civilization.