Nothotsuga longibracteata, a rare and endangered plant endemic to China, was listed as second-grade national key protected wild plant, underscoring its high conservation value. The Nothotsuga longibracteata community at Yuantoushan in Huangsang National Nature Reserve, a candidate area for Nanshan National Park, was recognized as one of China's 100 most remarkable ancient tree assemblages, further highlighting its profound conservation significance for ecological preservation. To elucidate the survival potential and endangerment mechanisms of Nothotsuga longibracteata populations for scientifically effective conservation and achieve scientifically effective conservation goals, this study employed the standard plot survey method. Guided by a spatial-for-temporal substitution strategy, it analyzed community characteristics and population age structure in detail. Static life tables and survival curves of the population were meticulously constructed. Additionally, by integrating quantitative analyses of population dynamics with time series models, reliable predictions regarding the population's future development trends were generated to inform targeted conservation efforts. The results indicated the following: (1) The habitat community of Nothotsuga longibracteata comprised a total of 64 plant species, among which angiosperms accounted for the highest proportion (94.1%), and Nothotsuga longibracteata was confirmed as the dominant species in the tree layer. (2) The Nothotsuga longibracteata population consisted of 32 intact individual plants. The age structure of the population showed a relatively small proportion of Age Class Ⅰ individuals while a relatively large proportion of individuals in other age classes, which made it difficult to maintain normal population replacement and thus belonged to a declining population. (3) The survival curve that was constructed based on the static life table fitted the characteristics of Deevey-Ⅱ type, which clearly reflected that the population had a relatively stable mortality pattern. (4) Population dynamics analysis revealed positive V_pi and V'_pi indices (V'_pi approaching zero), suggesting potential slow future growth but weak disturbance resistance. (5) Time series analysis predicted that although the population was projected to show a general trend of slow overall growth in the future, key factors such as the persistently low survival rates of Age Class Ⅰ individuals, seriously blocked natural regeneration processes, and obviously prominent age structural discontinuity led to persistent population decline with varying degrees of severity, which could potentially exacerbate its endangered status. Based on all of these important findings, this study proposed a comprehensive integrated conservation strategy prioritizing in situ protection measures, supplemented by targeted habitat restoration efforts, with the goal to enhance the effective preservation and natural recovery of the Nothotsuga longibracteata population.