Ecological compensation is an important means of protecting natural resources. Forest ecological compensation is a vital mechanism for forest resource protection. The Big Food Concept has set forth higher demands for establishing a collaborative mechanism to achieve high-level protection of forest resources and high-quality development of the forest food industry in the new era. Implementing the Big Food Concept and re-examining the construction of a forest ecological compensation mechanism hold significant theoretical and practical significance for promoting the synergy between forest resource protection and food security. However, there is still a lack of relevant research on how forest ecological compensation mechanisms can promote the synergy between forest resource protection and food security. Based on a review of the evolution of China's ecological compensation policy, this study constructs the theoretical logic of forest ecological compensation mechanism under the Big Food Concept following the logical thinking of "theoretical basis-target logic-formation logic", to promote the coordination of resource protection and food security. After analyzing the practical basis and challenges faced by the forest ecological compensation mechanism in promoting the synergy between resource protection and food security under the Big Food Concept, a multi-dimensional promotion path consisting of "policy driven-market innovation-technology empowerment-differential adaptation" for the forest ecological compensation mechanism is proposed to achieve the synergy between forest resource protection and food security under the Big Food Concept.