基于尺度嵌套的生态交错带区域生态网络体系构建——以大同市为例
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北京市自然科学基金(8254045); 国家自然科学基金(32471663); 雄安新区科技创新专项(2023XAGG0065-4)


Construction of ecological network system in ecotone based on scale nesting: a case study of Datong City
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the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Province (Grant No. 8254045), Science and Technology Innovation Program of Xiongan New Area (Grant No 2023XAGG0065-4)

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    摘要:

    生态交错带具有边缘效应,区域内具有丰富的特有种、大量的外来种以及频繁的物质流动,在维持区域生物多样性方面具有关键作用。人类活动加剧了生态交错带生境破碎化程度,阻碍了物种迁徙与扩散,对于生物多样性保护产生了负面影响。通过构建生态网络,可串联孤立斑块并缓解生境破碎化,改善物种扩散能力。然而,现有针对生态交错带生态网络构建的研究多以行政边界为研究区域,对明确物种在源地间的真实迁徙特征具有负面影响。以生态交错带典型区域大同市为例,构建行政区、缓冲区以及交错带三类尺度情景,应用Conefor 2.6、MSPA以及Linkage Mapper等方法,对尺度嵌套生态网络体系研究方法进行扩展,结合与行政边界相交的廊道、源地及节点要素,构建生态交错带尺度嵌套的生态网络体系。研究结果表明:(1)各缓冲区情景下, 扩张距离在40km之前时核心区面积变化较为稳定,且随后呈现较快的上升趋势;(2)50km缓冲区情景下,源地景观连接度特征、网络结构特征以及源地廊道中心度特征变化较为平稳,为典型缓冲区情景;(3)典型缓冲区情景及交错带情景下,与行政边界相交的源地、廊道中心度与所有源地、廊道中心度相比呈现持平或提升,表明其对于生态网络具有较高的贡献度;(4)构建所得生态网络体系中,行政区情景基础源地及其他源地分别为53、46个,基础廊道与相交廊道分别为221及46条,相交节点共82个,体现出尺度嵌套视角下生态网络体系与传统视角的明显差异。本研究基于尺度嵌套网络构建框架进行拓展,强调了相交要素的重要作用,为生态交错带区域提供了明确物种真实迁徙特征的生态网络体系构建方法。研究结果将服务于生物多样性改善,各类要素分级分类管理策略、相交节点管理范围的明确可为生态交错带区域尺度嵌套生态网络体系构建提供决策参考。

    Abstract:

    Ecotones exhibited edge effects and were characterized by abundant endemic species, a high number of alien species, and frequent material flows, playing a crucial role in maintaining regional biodiversity. However, intensified human activities increased habitat fragmentation in these areas, impeding species migration and dispersal, and had a negative impact on biodiversity conservation. Constructing ecological networks could connect isolated habitat patches, mitigate habitat fragmentation, and enhance species dispersal capacity. Existing studies on ecological network construction in ecotones often relied on administrative boundaries as the research extent, which negatively affected the accurate identification of species' migration patterns across source areas. This study took Datong City, a typical ecotone region, as a case study to construct three spatial scenarios: administrative zone, buffer zone, and ecotone zone. Methods such as Conefor 2.6, MSPA, and Linkage Mapper were employed to extend the methodology of scale-nested ecological network systems. By incorporating corridors, sources, and nodes that intersected with administrative boundaries, a multi-scale nested ecological network system for the ecotone was developed. The results showed that: (1) Under various buffer scenarios, the core area remains relatively stable when the expansion distance is within 40 km, followed by a significant upward trend thereafter; (2) Under the 50 km buffer zone scenario, the connectivity characteristics of source landscapes, network structural features, and centrality of source-corridors remained relatively stable, making it a representative buffer zone scenario; (3) In both the representative buffer and ecotone scenarios, the centrality of sources and corridors intersecting administrative boundaries was comparable to or higher than that of all sources and corridors, indicating a high level of contribution to the ecological network; (4) In the constructed ecological network system, the administrative zone scenario included 53 core source patches and 46 additional sources, 221 basic corridors and 46 intersecting corridors, with a total of 82 intersecting nodes. This highlighted clear differences between the scale-nested ecological network system and traditional perspectives. This study extends the framework of scale-nested ecological network construction, emphasizing the critical role of intersecting elements, and provides a methodological approach for constructing ecological network systems that accurately reflect species' actual migration patterns in ecotone regions. The findings contributed to biodiversity enhancement and provided decision-making support for constructing nested ecological network systems at the regional scale in ecotones. Specifically, the classification and hierarchical management of various ecological elements, along with the delineation of management scopes for intersecting nodes, can provide a scientific basis for targeted and effective ecological planning.

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梁华秋,姚朋,田婧辰,马超,王振坤,邵明.基于尺度嵌套的生态交错带区域生态网络体系构建——以大同市为例.生态学报,2025,45(24):12358~12372

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