Forest carbon sink density is a key indicator for assessing forest carbon sink capacity. The rapid development driven by digitalization has provided new application tools for precise monitoring of forest carbon sinks, pest and disease early warning systems, and dynamic management of forest land area. However, due to the limitations of technological applications and the complexity of ecological functions, the digitalization-driven models and application pathways for forest carbon sinks still have significant room for improvement and development. Therefore, exploring the factor decomposition of changes in forest carbon sink density under digitalization-driven conditions and the improvement of multi-component structural pathways holds significant practical significance for achieving the "dual carbon" goals and building China's green carbon sink. Based on the application context of digitalization-driven approaches, this study adopts a resource allocation perspective from the input-output structure and innovatively proposes a progressive research logic of "driving factor identification-configuration path analysis." It constructs a driving factor index decomposition model for changes in China's forest carbon sink density, uses the decomposition results to generate prerequisite conditions, and through necessity analysis and configuration path methods, proposes multiple enhancement pathways for forest carbon sink density. The results showed that: (1) China's forest carbon sink density exhibited a slight upward trend, with regional rankings following western>central>eastern regions. The density centroid shifted from northeast to southwest. The level of digital forestry inputs exhibited an overall upward trend, with its centroid shifting significantly from the southeast to the northwest; (2) In the decomposition results of digitization-related driving factors, there was a binary driving mode of "labor-intensive digital synergy drive" and "digital substitution transformation synergy drive" in each province, and the mode was regionally exclusive; the decomposition results of forest pest and rodent pest-related driving factors indicated the vulnerability characteristics of the current ecosystem. The evolution of provincial dominant drivers showed a spiral development pattern of "capital deepening-digital transformation-capital deepening", reflecting the diminishing marginal benefits of the effectiveness of the digitalization drive. The evolution of the dominant drivers among regions showed the gradient effect of digitalization diffusion of " East-West-Central "; (3) In the analysis of group paths, it was proposed that ecological protective digital drive path, labor-intensive digital drive path, integrated alternative digital drive path and technical service digital drive path were multiple paths to achieve high forest carbon sink density, and the core conditions of labor digital intensity level and digital alternative transformation level in the four paths satisfied the mutual exclusivity characteristics of the binary drive model. Additionally, in the context of rapid digitalization, we discuss the diminishing marginal benefits of digitalization-driven forest carbon sink density and the rationality of the proposed incremental research logic. Through in-depth comparisons with existing research, we aim to provide scientific recommendations that are more aligned with the contemporary context and ecological sustainability.