The Polder Region of Dongting Lake, as a typical anthropogenic-natural composite ecosystem in the Yangtze River Basin, serves as a vital grain production base and population settlement area within the basin. For an extended period, it has played a fundamental and critical role in maintaining regional hydrological equilibrium, safeguarding food security, promoting biodiversity, and regulating local climate.Due to its strategic geographic and ecological position, the region has played an essential role in maintaining regional hydrological balance, securing national food supply, conserving biodiversity, and regulating the local microclimate. However, with rapid urbanization, intensified human activity, and evolving land use patterns, the ecological resilience of the polder system has undergone considerable transformation. This study evaluated landscape ecological resilience from the perspective of land use and impact factors based on the "Element Identification-Risk Domain Mutation-Driving Response" framework.”It applied landscape pattern indices, spatial autocorrelation, and the Multiscale Geographical Weighted Regression (MGWR) model to systematically analyzed the spatial evolution characteristics of ecological resilience and investigated driving response mechanisms within the study area, proposing differentiated strategies for ecological resilience enhancement.. Through high-resolution land use data and geographic modeling techniques, the research identifies key factors driving changes in ecological resilience and proposes targeted strategies for adaptive management.The results indicated that: 1) During persistent land structure changes,?the sharp decline?in cultivated land area and?continuous expansion?of construction land?emerged as?dominant driving factors. The former?directly weakened?material cycling and ecological buffering capacity in polder areas, while the latter?intensified?landscape fragmentation. Concurrently, wetland-water body conversions and unregulated expansion of unused land?further reduced?ecological redundancy. The synergistic effects of these land-use transformations?significantly increased?the risk of surpassing landscape ecological resilience thresholds.Specifically, it is manifested as the continuous decline of farmland ecosystem services; 2) The assessment of ecological resilience revealed a spatial differentiation pattern of "high-value clustering-low-value patching-moderate-value scattering" in the Dongting Lake polder region,with high-risk areas increasing annually from the core to the peripheral zones.?The resilience pressure index increased from?0.0937?in 2000 to?0.1372?in 2020, while the proportion of critical zones (ERP > 0.18) expandedfrom?2.39%?to?24.98%.Especially, the expansion rate in the West Dongting Lake area is the most remarkable;3) The analysis of resilience driving response showed that NDVI and land surface temperature among ecological natural factors had significant spatial heterogeneity in their impact on landscape ecological resilience, which was consistent with the results of geographical detection. The economic development level and population density exhibited a unique positive influence,reflecting the complex regulatory effects of urbanization on regional ecological resilience.