This study collected leaves and soil from nine typical desert plant species,including Haloxylon ammodendron and Artemisia desertorum in the Ebinur Lake Nature Reserve, measuring carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents and their stoichiometric ratios. Geostatistical analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were employed to reveal the plant-soil interaction mechanisms. The results indicate that: (1) The average leaf C, N, and P contents in the study area were (456.71±168) g/kg, (16.80±4.23) g/kg, and (1.36±0.5) g/kg, respectively, which are lower than the global averages for plants; with leaf N：P<14, indicating that typical desert plants in Ebinur Lake are primarily N-limited. (2) Leaf C, N, and P contents also varied among different plant life forms: C did not differ significantly among the three life forms; N content ranked as shrubs (17.92±3.71) g/kg>herbs (17.54±4.91) g/kg>trees (15.14±3.31) g/kg, with a significant difference between shrubs and trees (P<0.05). Leaf P showed extremely significant differences between herbs and shrubs (P<0.01), and significant differences between herbs and trees (P<0.05). (3) Soil C, N, and P averages were 1.93 g/kg, 0.58 g/kg, and 0.33 g/kg, significantly lower than the national averages, with impoverishment related to insufficient organic matter input due to sparse vegetation and salinization. (4) The allometric exponent (α) of plant leaf N-P exhibited life-form specificity: herbs and shrubs with α<1 reflect a rapid P turnover strategy, while trees with α=1.214 indicate a conservative N use strategy. (5) Redundancy analysis (RDA) identified soil N：P as the main controlling factor for leaf stoichiometric divergence (explaining 12.6% of the variance, P<0.05). Overall, the desert soil in Ebinur Lake is characterized by N deficiency and low P availability, with soil N and P mineralization capacities inhibited by high-pH saline conditions and insufficient organic matter input. The heterogeneity of soil environmental factors drives plants to form life-form-dependent adaptation strategies: herbs maintain rapid growth by accelerating P turnover, shrubs optimize P acquisition efficiency, while trees rely on conservative nutrient retention to cope with chronic N stress. These findings provide critical evidence for elucidating nutrient coupling mechanisms in the leaf-soil system of desert plants and offer a scientific basis for vegetation restoration and sustainable management practices in degraded desert ecosystems.