Ecological assets serve as a fundamental basis for human well-being and economic development. A comprehensive understanding of the scope, condition, and changes in ecological asset stock is crucial for assessing regional sustainability. Based on the SEEA-EA framework, this study focused on the ecologically rich Qinling Mountains and constructs an ecological asset stock account (including scope and condition accounts). Using trend analysis methods, we examined the spatiotemporal changes in ecological asset conditions from 2000 to 2020, and employed the geographical detector method to analyze driving factors. The results indicated that in 2000, the ecological asset scope in the Qinling Mountains primarily comprised forests (55.75%), farmland (28.03%), and grassland (14.06%). By 2020, the forest asset area had increased to 60.43%, while farmland and grassland had decreased to 23.78% and 12.51%, respectively, with the Grain-for-Green Program being the primary driver of these changes. The spatial distribution of ecological asset conditions exhibited a pattern of "higher in the central region, lower in the north and south." From 2000 to 2020, 53.78% of the ecological asset area showed significant or highly significant improvement. However, the conditions of farmland and grassland slightly declined due to factors such as soil fertility loss and landscape fragmentation. In contrast, the conditions of forests, wetlands, urban areas, and bare land improved overall, though their physical, chemical, or functional indicators exhibited localized degradation..Driver analysis showed that natural factors had a strong influence on changes in ecological asset status, with average annual precipitation having the strongest independent explanatory power (q>0.35). Ecological engineering, urbanization, and population density had prominent interactive effects on the ecological asset status of the Qinling Mountains. By constructing a multi-dimensional ecological asset assessment system, this study not only verified the applicability of the SEEA-EA framework in the complex mountainous region, but also revealed the synergistic evolution of ecological assets in terms of "quantity-quality-construction" and its driving mechanism. The results of this study provide a direct basis for the development of differentiated ecological asset management strategies: in the southern part of the Qinling Mountains, precipitation control should be strengthened; in the northern part of the mountains, urban expansion should be strictly controlled; and in the central part of the mountains, the effectiveness of ecological projects should be maintained. The methodological system and technical paths established in this study are important references for ecological asset accounting and management in other ecologically fragile areas in China.