Grazing activities have become one of the most common and rapidly expanding threats to giant panda habitats, essentially driven by the spatiotemporal overlap between grazing livestock and panda activities. This study focuses on the Wolong area of Giant Panda National Park as a case study, utilizing species distribution models and kernel density analysis to investigate the spatiotemporal overlap characteristics between giant pandas and grazing livestock, as well as the drivers behind this overlap. The results show that: (1) the overlap in activity rhythms between giant pandas and grazing livestock is highest in spring (?=0.86), followed by winter (?=0.74), and lowest in summer-autumn (?=0.67). Except for summer and autumn, there is no significant difference in activity rhythms between pandas and grazing livestock; (2) spatially, their suitable habitats exhibit a high degree of overlap (niche overlap indices D=0.56, I=0.83). The high?overlap area covers 61.26 km2, mainly distributed in a patchy pattern from the northeast to southeast of the reserve; (3) for panda habitat predictions, the most influential environmental variables are distance to roads, mean diurnal temperature range, distance to water sources, and vegetation type; for grazing livestock habitat predictions, the key variables are precipitation seasonality, slope, and vegetation type. The analysis indicates that the primary reason for habitat overlap is the similarity in habitat selection, while livestock’s broader environmental tolerance generally encompasses the range suitable for pandas. The study highlights the ecological implications of high spatiotemporal overlap, including potential competition for food resources, habitat fragmentation, and stress-related behavioral changes in pandas. The analysis of seasonal activity rhythms further revealed that both biological and anthropogenic factors contribute to overlap variation, with spring being the most critical period due to increased movement and feeding behavior in both species. From a conservation management perspective, the findings stress the importance of targeted spatial planning, such as excluding livestock from core panda habitats dominated by evergreen broad-leaved or coniferous forests. Furthermore, the response curve analysis showed that while pandas are limited to narrower environmental conditions, livestock exhibit a broader ecological niche, increasing the risk of encroachment. These insights contribute to the broader understanding of human–wildlife coexistence and underscore the urgency of integrating ecological data into adaptive management strategies. Ultimately, this study not only provides empirical evidence for refining grazing regulations but also supports policy-making aimed at balancing biodiversity conservation with community livelihoods.