Whether domesticated sheep (Ovis aries) adapted to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau through hybridization with native wild argali (Ovis ammon), and the timing and location of this adaptation, has been a key question in archaeology and ecology. In this study, we used the MaxEnt model to reconstruct the dynamic distribution of argali suitable habitats from 5.0 to 3.0 cal ka BP, and conducted an overlay analysis with kernel density maps of cultural sites to examine the spatiotemporal coupling between argali habitat changes and human activity. The results show that from the Middle Neolithic (5.0-4.5 cal ka BP) to the Late Bronze Age (3.5-3.0 cal ka BP), the area of suitable argali habitat gradually expanded, from the southeastern river valleys to the southern foothills of the Qilian Mountains, the northern foothills of the Kunlun Mountains, and the periphery of the Qaidam Basin, with human activity areas expanding synchronously. During the Early Bronze Age (4.0-3.5 cal ka BP), the spatial coupling between argali habitat and human activity increased significantly, concentrated in the Hehuang Valley and adjacent high-altitude regions. We infer that inhabitants of this region crossbred the introduced domestic sheep with wild argali, cultivating sheep with enhanced cold and drought tolerance, which markedly improved their high-cold adaptability and promoted the development of a pastoral economy on the plateau. Archaeological evidence, particularly the distribution of sheep bone sites overlapping with high-coupling areas, supports this hypothesis. This study reveals the synergy between argali habitat expansion and human activity, elucidates the key mechanisms underlying the high-cold adaptation of domesticated sheep, and provides a new perspective on the origin of Tibetan sheep and the development of pastoralism on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.