Land resources are essential to socioeconomic development, as well as the material basis for human survival. The rapid population growth and accelerated industrialization in Shanghai have resulted in a significant shortage of land resources. Future socioeconomic development is expected to further intensify land use activities, potentially exacerbating the land resource challenges in Shanghai. Moreover, environmental impacts arising from land use changes may negatively affect climate and ecosystems, reduce human well-being, and restrict the coordinated development of society, economy, and environment. Therefore, to address the challenge of land resource scarcity, it is necessary to further optimize the structure of land use and improve land use efficiency. Existing studies primarily focus on the direct land use of socioeconomic activities in Shanghai. However, in addition to being directly affected by local production activities, the land use of a region is also indirectly affected by remote economic activities through multi-regional supply chains. Currently, the multi-regional supply chain driving mechanism of production and consumption activities in other regions (e.g., critical regions and industries) on Shanghai's land use remains unclear. This limits the effectiveness of policy-making on land use pressure mitigation. This study constructs a full-sector land use accounting framework based on road network data, point-of-interest (POI) information, and remote sensing data. Combined with an environmentally extended multi-regional input-output model, it identifies critical regions and industries driving land use in Shanghai from the perspectives of production, demand, and supply within the multi-regional supply chain network. We find three main findings: (1) On the production side, the industries occupying the largest land use areas include "agriculture" and "wholesale and retail" in Shanghai; (2) On the demand side, Shanghai’s demand for products of the "agriculture" industry drives substantial domestic land use; and the final demand of Guangdong, Henan, and other provinces has driven large amounts of land uses in Shanghai; (3) On the supply side, the primary inputs of industries including "agriculture" and "wholesale and retail" in Shanghai, and the "chemical products" industry in Jiangsu indirectly drive large amounts of Shanghai's land uses. This study identifies critical supply chain drivers of land use in Shanghai, providing multiple perspective policy decisions on alleviating land resource scarcity. Findings of this study have three policy implications: (1) For critical production-side industries, intensive land use measures (e.g., rational land planning) can be adopted to improve land use efficiency; (2) For critical demand-side industries, optimizing consumption behaviors of their products can encourage upstream suppliers to improve the productivity, which can alleviate land resource scarcity of the whole supply chains; (3) For critical supply-side industries, economic incentives can be introduced to optimize the distribution of products to downstream industries of more efficient land uses, which can facilitate the land use efficiency of the whole supply chains. The findings in this study provide the hotspots for sustainable management of land use in Shanghai from multiple perspectives. The analytical framework of this study can provide a reference for land use management in other regions. Improving the extraction and classification processes of POI data in future work can help to reduce the uncertainty of land use estimation results of this study.