The Kalamaili National Park serves as a critical ecological corridor connecting the Tianshan and Altai Mountains and an essential ecological barrier preventing the eastward expansion of the Gurbantünggüt Desert. Its ecological quality is vital for regional environmental security. This study utilized MODIS remote sensing imagery from 2000 to 2023, combined with meteorological, topographical, and land use data, and employed the ArcGIS 10.2 and ENVI software platforms to explore the spatiotemporal evolution of vegetation ecological quality in the region. The study also identified key areas and priorities for ecological restoration, providing a scientific basis for the ecological management and sustainable development of the national park. The results indicate that: (1) Overall, from 2000 to 2023, the comprehensive vegetation ecological quality of Kalamaili National Park was relatively low, reaching its maximum value in 2017 and declining to its lowest value in 2022; (2) From a spatial perspective, the spatial distribution of the comprehensive vegetation ecological quality (EQI) exhibited a "higher in the west, lower in the east" pattern. The ecological quality in the northwestern region decreased year by year, while it increased in the eastern and southwestern regions; (3) The monthly variation of the comprehensive vegetation ecological quality (EQI) peaked in May and dropped to its lowest in September. In terms of interannual variation, 2007 showed the best performance, while 2022 was the worst, highlighting the critical role of continuous humidification measures in improving ecological quality; (4) Based on the level and spatial pattern of the comprehensive vegetation ecological quality, the northwestern and southwestern regions were identified as priority areas for ecological restoration, while the eastern region was identified as a non-priority area. The study suggests that future research should integrate more ground-based measurements and high-resolution remote sensing data to improve assessment accuracy and better assist management departments in formulating and implementing ecological protection and restoration strategies.