Population growth and urban expansion have led to a continuous increase in the extent of Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI). The combined influence of unique ignition sources, fuel structures, and climate warming has heightened the risk of wildfires in these regions, posing significant threats to the ecological environment and endangering human lives and property. The WUI areas are influenced by both natural ecosystems and human activities, their unique ignition sources, fuel structures, and the increasingly significant trend of climate warming have substantially elevated the risk of wildfires in WUI. This not only severely damages the local ecological environment but also threatens the safety of residents and their property. Investigating the spatial distribution of wildfires and their driving factors within the WUI is crucial for developing effective fire management and prevention strategies. Based on wildfire data from Heilongjiang Province from 1980 to 2009, this study applies spatial point pattern analysis to examine the spatial distribution characteristics of human-caused fires and lightning-caused fires within the WUI. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) is used to identify the key factors that significantly influence wildfire occurrences and to further assess their relative contributions. Additionally, by analyzing the interannual variations of different climatic factors, the study applies spatial point pattern analysis to explore the spatio-temporal dynamics of human-caused fires, lightning-caused fires, and total wildfires occurrence density within the WUI. This study analyzes the spatial patterns of these fire types and identifies high fire occurrence areas within the WUI of Heilongjiang Province. The results indicate that WUI areas in Heilongjiang Province are primarily distributed in the central, southeastern, and northwestern parts. The average wildfire occurrence density within the WUI is 0.0028 incidents·km?2·a?1. Climate, vegetation, and topographic factors play significant roles in driving both human-caused fires and lightning-caused fires. The occurrence of wildfire has obvious spatial and temporal heterogeneity, mainly in the Greater Khingan Mountains, Lesser Khingan Mountains, and southeastern Heilongjiang Province. High fire occurrence areas are mainly located in the northern and northeastern forest regions, and their overall distribution has not expanded significantly in recent years. Among the identified high fire occurrence areas, WUI areas account for 27.5%, while the majority of high fire occurrence areas are located outside the WUI. The wildfire distribution pattern analysis and high fire occurrence areas spatio-temporal identification method developed in this study provide an effective approach for assessing wildfire risk in WUI. The findings offer a scientific basis for wildfire management within the WUI and contribute to wildfire prevention efforts. By improving wildfire control strategies, these efforts can enhance wildfire prevention and management capabilities in WUI, ultimately reducing the impact of wildfires on ecological environments and socioeconomic systems.