Abstract: Phenology serves as a highly sensitive indicator reflecting the impacts of climate change, Analyzing crop phenological changes is of great importance for effectively addressing climate change challenges, optimizing agricultural strategies, and guiding more informed local agricultural production practices. We conducted an analysis on the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of key phenological stages for major crops in Hubei Province (i.e., rice, winter wheat, and rapeseed) during the period from 2001 to 2012, based on observational data from 21 stations. Additionally, we explored the influencing factors of crop phenological changes by incorporating data on topography and climate. The results were as follows (1) For the same crop (rice, winter wheat or rapeseed), the differences in phenological stages among stations gradually decreased from the emergence stage to the maturity stage; the inter-annual variability of phenological stages was smaller in mountainous stations than in plains; and the inter-annual variability during the reproductive growth stage was less than that during the vegetative growth stage. (2) From 2001 to 2012, in plain areas, there was a tendency for the vegetative growth stage of rice and winter wheat to advance, while the reproductive growth stage mainly showed a delay. In mountainous regions, most phenological stages tended to be delayed. The opposite pattern was observed for rapeseed. (3) The emergence periods of rice, winter wheat, and rapeseed were primarily influenced by sowing dates. (0.69≤R≤0.96，P<0.01).There was a spatial variation in the mountain-plain differentiation in the response of different crop phenological stages to climatic factors. From the emergence to tillering stage of rice, the positive correlation with temperature and precipitation dominated in plain areas, while in mountainous areas, it was mainly positively correlated with temperature. From the tillering to maturity stage, the negative correlation with temperature dominated in plain areas, whereas in mountainous areas, both temperature and precipitation showed a negative correlation that was dominant. The phenological stages of winter wheat were primarily influenced by temperature in plain areas, while precipitation and solar radiation played significant roles during the jointing and heading stages; in mountainous regions, the influence shifted from being dominated solely by temperature to being jointly dominated by both temperature and solar radiation. The growth of rapeseed was primarily influenced by temperature, and the correlation between phenological stages and temperature in mountainous regions was significantly stronger than that in plain areas. The research findings have provided a scientific basis for the precise implementation of adaptive agricultural management measures tailored to different regions of Hubei Province.