This study focuses on the temporal and spatial evolution of Evapotranspiration (ET), Transpiration (T), and Transpiration-Evapotranspiration ratio (T/ET) in four major climatic zones (temperate continental, temperate monsoon, alpine Tibetan Plateau, and sub-tropical-tropical monsoon climatic zones) in China during 1982-2021 and the driving mechanisms. (ET), transpiration (T), and transpira-tion-evapotranspiration (T/ET) ratios, and their driving mechanisms. Based on the dataset of transpiration and evapotranspiration (T/ET) ratios of Chinese terrestrial ecosystems, trend analysis, coefficient of variation (CV), R/S analysis, and geoprobe were used to reveal the dynamic changes of ET, T, and T/ET, as well as the main driving factors. The results showed that (1) ET decreased significantly (Slope = ?1.09 mm/a, P < 0.05), while T and T/ET increased significantly (Slope T = 0.34 mm/a, Slope T/ET = 0.0019/a, P < 0.05) in the Chinese region. ET increased significantly in the alpine Tibetan Plateau climate zone (P < 0.05), while other climate zones showed a decreasing trend; T and T/ET showed an increasing trend in all climate zones. (2) The spatial distribution of ET, T and T/ET showed a gradient from the southeast coast to the northwest inland, with the alpine Tibetan Plateau climatic region having the highest ET (813.49 mm), T (515.23 mm) and T/ET (0.62). (3) Precipitation, vegetation index and temperature were the main drivers of the changes in ET, T and T/ET across the country, and the interaction of vegetation index with temperature, precipitation, saturated water vapor pressure difference and radiation was most pronounced for T and T/ET. The results provide an important basis for water resource management and ecological protection in the context of climate change.