Soil aggregate as the fundamental unit of soil structure, and its structural stability significantly impacts slope ecological restoration and sustainability. However, the role of cementing materials in this process remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the stability of soil aggregates, the characteristics of cementing substances, and their interrelationship on restored slopes, providing a scientific foundation for evaluating the effectiveness of ecological restoration.Experiments were conducted on eight types of ecological restoration slopes in Yichang City, analyzing the stability, fractal dimension, and content of cementing substances in soil aggregates. The study also examined the influence of various cementing substances on aggregate stability. The results are as follows:Aggregate Improvement: Ecological restoration significantly enhanced both the size distribution and stability of soil aggregates. Indicators such as mean weight diameter (MWD), R0.25, and fractal dimension (D) were all significantly higher than those observed in bare slopes (ES).Cementing Substances Distribution: Ecological restoration significantly increased the organic carbon content in aggregates, with larger aggregates exhibiting higher organic carbon levels compared to micro-aggregates. Iron and aluminum oxides were predominantly concentrated in smaller aggregates. Redundancy analysis revealed that iron-aluminum-bound organic carbon, calcium-bound organic carbon, and total organic carbon are critical factors influencing the size distribution and stability of soil aggregates.This study provides theoretical support and technical guidance for future ecological restoration projects, offering a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying soil aggregate stability on restored slopes.