The rapid pace of global urbanization has created significant challenges for urban ecosystems, where biodiversity and natural habitats are confronted with immense pressures from habitat fragmentation, pollution, and climate change. These impacts compromise ecological stability and reduce the quality of urban life. However, biodiversity is a critical element in ensuring the health and resilience of urban ecosystems, providing essential ecosystem services that directly enhance human well-being and support sustainable urban development. The concept of biodiversity-friendly cities offers a vital pathway for sustainable urban development by protecting and restoring urban biodiversity, emphasizing the integration of biodiversity protection and ecological sustainability within urban growth. These cities are designed to support coexistence between human activities and biodiversity, allowing natural ecosystems to thrive within urban areas. This paper examines the concept, components, and strategies for constructing biodiversity-friendly cities, highlighting effective practices and innovative methods in urban biodiversity conservation through a range of international and domestic case studies. Key frameworks such as the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework underscore the importance of safeguarding urban biodiversity as an integral component of sustainable development. In China, programs like “National Garden Cities,” “Eco-Cities,” and “Low-Carbon Cities” are central to urban biodiversity preservation efforts, showcasing pathways for cities to achieve ecological health. The study highlights the main components of biodiversity-friendly cities, including the protection and restoration of natural habitats, establishment of blue and green infrastructure, sustainable water management, and ecological education and community engagement. These elements collectively form the backbone of biodiversity-friendly urban systems, fostering connectivity between fragmented habitats, enhancing urban climate resilience, and supporting a diverse array of species within city boundaries. The paper proposes several strategies for creating biodiversity-friendly cities under rapid urbanization conditions. The development of urban green spaces such as parks, green roofs, and rain gardens is discussed as a fundamental strategy for mitigating urban heat islands, managing stormwater, and improving air quality. Strategic water management practices, such as permeable surfaces and rainwater collection systems, are essential in maintaining aquatic ecosystems and promoting biodiversity within cities. The construction of ecological corridors, linking green spaces to support wildlife movement and genetic exchange, is identified as an effective means of enhancing urban ecosystem stability. Community engagement and environmental education are vital to fostering a public consciousness around biodiversity preservation, promoting citizen involvement in urban ecological management. Advanced monitoring systems utilizing Internet of Things (IoT), AI, and big data offer real-time insights into air and water quality and biodiversity metrics, equipping city planners with data to make informed decisions on ecosystem management. The study concludes by recommending an integrated approach to urban biodiversity preservation, encompassing supportive policy frameworks, public participation, and a focus on sustainable industries such as eco-tourism and green agriculture. By adopting these strategies, cities can transition towards sustainable development models that balance urban growth with ecological preservation, contributing significantly to global biodiversity goals and fostering a harmonious coexistence between urban populations and natural systems.