Plants, serving as vital conduits for carbon sequestration and acting as carbon sinks, are pivotal in the mitigation of climate change. Mycorrhizae, as mutualistic symbionts of plants, affect plant carbon fixation and sequestration. Meanwhile, different types of mycorrhizae have varying effects on the carbon concentration of plants. The study shows that AM plants have the highest species richness, but ECM plants account for more than 60% of the carbon storage of terrestrial ecosystems. However, the mechanisms through which different mycorrhizal types affect plant carbon concentration remain unclear, complicating the estimation and prediction of mycorrhizal effects on plant carbon concentration in a changing climate. Therefore, we built a new database based on Paroshy's data on the carbon concentration of major species in different climate zones around the world, this study systematically investigated the differences in carbon concentration among three common mycorrhizal types (AM, ECM, and AM+ECM) in different organs of woody plants (stem, branch, bark, coarse root and fine root) and their reactions to geographic, temperature and precipitation variables. The results showed that the type of mycorrhizal had a significant effect on plant carbon concentration. The carbon concentration of ECM plants (49.2%, 48.5%, 50.3%, 48.1%, 49.0%) was significantly higher than that of AM plants (47.1%, 45.5%, 44.5%, 44.7%, 47.4%) and AM+ECM plants (47.4%, 47.3%, 48.2%, 44.4%, 46.3%). Furthermore, a pronounced latitudinal distribution gradient was discerned among the distinct mycorrhizal types, with AM plants predominantly found in regions of lower latitude, in contrast to ECM plants, which were predominantly situated in higher latitude regions. To be more specific, the carbon concentration in the stem, branch, and coarse root of AM plants exhibits a trend of decreasing and then increasing with the augmentation of latitude. Whereas, the carbon concentration in the aboveground parts of ECM plants demonstrates a linear positive correlation with latitude. Furthermore, the carbon concentration in the stems, bark, and coarse roots of AM+ECM plant exhibits a significant trend of variation with respect to latitude. The mycorrhizal associations were also found to modulate the correlation between the carbon concentration in various plant organs and environmental parameters. Specifically, the carbon concentration in AM plants was predominantly influenced by temperature, whereas in ECM and AM+ECM plants, precipitation was identified as the primary factor affecting carbon concentration. These results underscore the essential role of mycorrhizal types in modulating plant carbon concentration and dictating plant responses to climate change, furnishing a scientific foundation for forecasting plant carbon concentration and more effectively tackling the challenges posed by climate change.