The objective of this study is to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution and variation in the spatial conflicts of the "production-living-ecology" framework during the poverty alleviation process in mountainous regions, and to offer valuable insights for the enhancement of land use in rural revitalization efforts. The mechanical equilibrium model was employed to develop a method for measuring spatial conflicts, predicated on the functional deviations within the "production-living-ecology" paradigm. Taking the Qinba Mountainous area in southern Shaanxi as a case study area, we analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of regional spatial function deviation and the spatial conflict of "production-living-ecology" in the process of out-of-poverty. Hotspot analysis identified the spatial conflict hotspots. The results show that: (1) within the "production-living-ecology" framework in the Qinba Mountain region of southern Shaanxi, the distribution is ecological space (73.6%)>production space (25.7%)>living space (0.7%); from 2010 to 2020, the ecological space exhibited a marked increase, the production space showed a significant decrease, and the living space demonstrated a modest upward trend; the results can be attributed to the implementation of the Grain for Green program and the practice of the ecological priority development concept in the process of poverty alleviation in mountainous areas; (2) the functional offsetting of the "production-living-ecology" is generally at the level of medium offsetting, and the degree of offsetting shows an increasing trend from living space to production space and ecological space; the regional spatial functional offsetting shows an increasing trend in the process of out-of-poverty, and the spaces with the largest increase in the area proportion of strongest offsetting, stronger offsetting, and medium offsetting are the living space, production space and ecological space, respectively; (3) the main types of spatial conflicts in the "production-living-ecology" are ecological-production conflicts, and the conflict hotspots are mainly located in basins and river valleys with relatively flat terrain; in the process of poverty alleviation, the level of spatial conflict in "production-living-ecology" shows a polarized trend, in which the increased conflict-free zone was mainly located in the ecological space and living space, while the increased high-level conflict zone was mainly located in the production space. Therefore, the production space, especially in basin and valley areas, is the focus of the optimization and control of the "production-living-ecology" spatial conflict in the poverty alleviation mountainous area. In conclusion, the research results reveal the spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics of the "production-living-ecological" space conflicts during the poverty eradication process in mountainous regions, offering a basis for targeted governance and equilibrium development of these spaces.