Biodiversity encompasses the variety of living organisms, their ecological complexes, and related processes, serving as the material basis for human survival and as a fundamental guarantee for sustainable economic and social development. However, with the rapid pace of modernization, biodiversity loss has become a severe issue and is recognized by the United Nations as one of the three major global environmental crises. In response, many countries have intensified their biodiversity conservation efforts. At the fifteenth Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP-15) in 2022, the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF) was unanimously adopted. This framework outlines 23 global action targets across three main areas: mitigating pressures on biodiversity, promoting sustainable use and benefit-sharing, and implementing measures and mainstreaming approaches. The KM-GBF aims to transform the relationship between society and biodiversity by 2030 and to achieve a vision of living in harmony with nature by 2050.However, there is currently a lack of an effective monitoring and evaluation system to accurately describe changes in biodiversity composition, status, and threats, and to coherently and transparently track and report progress toward global goals. To address this gap, this study draws on existing biodiversity evaluation systems, both domestica and international. Considering the complex relationships among biodiversity dynamics, statuses, and conservation elements, we have developed a robust array of biodiversity evaluation indices. Using the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) conceptual model, our system includes three core indicators, thirteen thematic indicators, and sixteen assessment indicators. A quantitative evaluation index system, supported by a comprehensive scoring methodology, has been crafted to facilitate efficient monitoring and evaluation of biodiversity within the KM-GBF framework. Furthermore, we have scrutinized the alignment between these indicators and the KM-GBF actionable targets, along with a thorough evaluation of the availability and relevance of pertinent data sources. The findings indicate that the proposed indicator system is well-suited for monitoring and evaluating biodiversity in line with KM-GBF objectives. However, challenges remain in quantitatively assessing action targets20, 21, 22, and 23, primarily due to limitations in data availability and quality. In conclusion, the study highlights the effectiveness of the proposed indicator system in addressing the complexities of biodiversity assessment aligned with KM-GBF requirements and underscores the need to overcome existing methodological and data-related challenges. By identifying current research limitations and suggesting future research directions, this study aims to support the successful implementation of KM-GBF and enhance global biodiversity conservation efforts.