Woody debris (WD) is a critical component of forest ecosystems, playing a significant role in community structure, nutrient cycling, carbon storage, and ecosystem productivity. This study focused on the evergreen broadleaf forest dominated by Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia+Cyclobalanopsis oxyodon on the southern slope of the Shennongjia Mountains. WD is classified into three diameter classes: Diameter class I (2.5 cm ≤ d < 7.5 cm), Diameter class II (7.5 cm≤d < 12.5 cm), and Diameter class III (d≥12.5 cm). We analyzed the species composition, diameter class structure, spatial distribution patterns, and topographic associations of WD among different classes and forms. The results show that: (1) The WD species composition in this community is diverse, with 54 species from 25 families and 40 genera. The most abundant WD species are Cotinus coggygria var. pubescens, Viburnum propinquum, and Cyclobalanopsis oxyodon. The overall and form-specific diameter class structures follow an inverted "J" shape, with the number of individuals in Diameter class I>Diameter class II>Diameter class III. (2) The overall spatial distribution pattern of WD becomes less aggregated as the scale increases. The distribution trend of Diameter class I mirrors that of the overall pattern. Diameter class II shows alternating aggregated and random distributions across scales. Diameter class III predominantly exhibits a random distribution. The distribution trends of snags and logs are similar to those of Diameter class I, but the transition from aggregated to random distribution occurs at a smaller scale. The distribution trend of stumps resembles that of Diameter class II, with a more gradual fluctuation between aggregated and random distributions. (3) WD of different diameter classes and forms is more prevalent in gentle slope topography Species-topographic associations indicate significant correlations between species and ridges or valley topographic, but no significant associations with gentle or steep slopes. The study suggests that the pioneer species are being gradually replaced, and the community is in the mid-to-late succession stage. The formation of WD spatial patterns is mainly influenced by density, habitat filtering, and natural senescence of individuals. Gentle slope topography represents relatively favorable environmental conditions for the reproduction and growth of most species in the community. This study reveals the quantitative characteristics and distribution patterns of WD in subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest communities on the northern edge of the subtropics, providing scientific insights into vegetation succession and the influence of topography on ecological processes in this region.