The Area North of Tanggula Mountain in Sanjiangyuan (ANTS) is located at the junction of Qinghai Province and the Tibet Autonomous Region, which is a crucial part of the Sanjiangyuan National Park. Owing to the extreme environmental conditions, the relative deficiency of the preexisting working foundation, and the ambiguous management responsibilities arising from administrative divisions, there is a need to strengthen the scientific research and conservation efforts concerning endangered animal populations and their habitats in the ANTS. Tibetan Kiang (Equus kiang), a key flagship species in the ANTS, is critically endangered and classified as a national-level protected animal in China. Enhancing the effectiveness and sustainability of protection for the endangered Tibetan Kiang hinges on a deep understanding of its habitat suitability, distribution, characteristics, and key influencing factors. This study conducted field surveys, infrared camera monitoring, and queried existing online databases in the ANTS to ascertain the distribution points of the Tibetan Kiang, and used the Maximum Entropy Model, combined with ecological climate, topography, and human activities within the area, to analyze the habitat suitability of the Tibetan Kiang in the ANTS. The findings revealed that suitable Tibetan Kiang habitats in ANTS are predominantly in the central region, spanning 28335 km² (41.8% of the total area), whereas unsuitable habitats predominantly lie in the northwest and southeast; over 30% of suitable habitats for the Tibetan Kiang fall outside the national park's boundaries. The main environmental factors affecting habitat suitability for Tibetan Kiang in ANTS are precipitation seasonality, altitude, temperature seasonality, and precipitation of the driest quarter. Residential settlements within the region have a considerable impact on the habitat suitability for the Tibetan Kiang. The Tibetan Kiang prefers to utilize habitats within a range of 1000 to 3000 meters from residential areas, which is associated with its positive selection for the area's better grassland resources and water sources. In light of these findings, recommendations include accelerating the demarcation and boundary marker installation for ANTS within the Sanjiangyuan National Park, rehabilitating suboptimal habitats for Tibetan Kiangs, and bolstering conservation efforts for their habitats. Qinghai and Tibet should strengthen collaboration to jointly protect the Tibetan Kiang in the Tangbei region. Additionally, it is essential to raise the local community's awareness of wildlife conservation, develop alternative livelihoods, improve ecological compensation, and increase the value of ecological products.