Under the "Dual Carbon" strategic planning, studying the development trends and evolutionary characteristics of carbon storage in Shandong Province is of significant reference value for the province's sustainable development. Based on the land use data of Shandong Province in 2000, 2010 and 2020, this paper estimates the multi-period carbon storage data of Shandong Province using the PLUS model and the InVEST model. The results show that the carbon storage in Shandong Province decreased by 2.15×10⁷t in 20 years from 2000 to 2020, exhibiting a continuous downward trend. Compared with 2020, carbon storage in Shandong Province is projected to decrease by 8.93×10⁶t in 2030 under the Natural Development scenario and increase by 5.81×10⁶t under the Ecological-Cultivated land Protection scenario, respectively. Furthermore, under the Ecological-Cultivated Land Protection scenario, the rate of reduction for cultivated land in Shandong Province slowed, the expansion of construction land was curbed, and carbon-dense land types like forests were protected and expanded, thereby enhancing the province's carbon storage capacity. The research results can provide a scientific reference for the implementation of the sustainable development and "Dual Carbon" strategic planning of Shandong Province.