How to balance the relationship between economy and ecology to cope with external disturbance and impact has become the key to promote regional sustainable development. This study underscores the importance of understanding the intricate relationship between economic and ecological resilience in the Northern Slope Economic Belt of Tianshan Mountains. By using the theory of resilience, this paper establishes a comprehensive framework that integrates both ecological resilience and economic resilience. Based on multi-source data, the study analyzes the spatio-temporal coupling characteristics of economic and ecological resilience using the coupling coordination degree model and kernel density method, and the influences of each element on the coupling coordination degree of the two were explored in the NSEBTM. The results show that (1) from 2000 to 2020, the economic resilience of the NSEBTM is generally at a medium level, showing the spatial trend of "the middle section > the west section > the south part > the east section". (2) The overall level of ecological resilience remains low, demonstrating a spatial distribution pattern of "higher in the northwest and lower in the southeast" and "aggregation of low values and dispersion of high values". (3) Economic resilience and ecological resilience have consistently been in a state of "dissonance", gradually transitioning from a mild mismatch to an imminent mismatch. Furthermore, the coupling coordination degree is higher in the western and central section compared to the eastern section and southern part.(4) The components related to ecological and economic resilience impact differently the degree of coupling coordination. Among them, ecological system resistance and economic potential resilience have the strongest inhibitory effects on the ecological-economic resilience coupling, whereas the ecological system recovery and economic structural resilience have the strongest driving effects. In conclusion, By analyzing the spatio-temporal dynamics and identifying key influencing factors, we provide a comprehensive perspective that can inform sustainable development policies. Balancing these two critical aspects is essential not only for the present stability of the region but also for ensuring its long-term viability in the face of future challenges.