Aerial seeding is an important measure for vegetation restoration in Mu Us Sandy Land. It is of great significance for the sustainable restoration of Mu Us Sandy Land to clarify the dynamic changes of aerial seeding vegetation and understand the response of soil environment to vegetation changes. In this study, the method of spatial sequence instead of time series was used to investigate the species composition of plant communities with different aerial seeding years (20 years, 40 years, 50 years, 60 years) in Mu Us Sandy Land. The leaf thickness, specific leaf area, leaf tissue density, leaf nitrogen content, leaf phosphorus content, specific root length and other functional traits of each species were measured. Based on this, all species were divided into three functional types by quantitative classification method, and the variation characteristics of plant functional type composition and soil physical and chemical properties with aerial seeding years were analyzed. The results showed that : (1) According to the C-S-R triangle theories of Grime, the three functional types have different trait characteristics and environmental adaptation strategies. The functional type I plants have larger plant height, leaf tissue density, leaf nitrogen content and root nitrogen content, smaller specific leaf area, and tended to ' stress-competition ' strategy, representing plants such as Hedysarum scoparium, Hedysarum mongolicum and Artemisia desertorum. The functional type II plants have larger specific leaf area and specific root length, smaller leaf tissue density, and tend to be ' competitive ' strategies, representing plants such as Agriophyllum squarrosum, Grubovia dasyphylla and Setaria viridis. The functional type III plants have larger leaf thickness, leaf dry matter content and smaller specific leaf area, which are biased towards the 'stress tolerance ' strategies, representing plants with Poa annua and Leymus secalinus. (2) With the succession of aerial seeding vegetation, the functional type II plants showed an increasing trend in the whole vegetation succession sequence, gradually replacing the dominant position of the functional type I plants in the community, and the proportion of functional type III plants decreased annually, nearly to the point of elimination ; (3) With the succession of aerial vegetation, except for phosphorus, soil organic carbon and soil total nitrogen content increased gradually, and soil moisture initially decreased before increasing. On the whole, with the development and succession of aerial seeding vegetation, the proportion of aerial seeding species decreased. Functional species such as Agriophyllum squarrosum and Grubovia dasyphylla gradually became the dominant members of the community. The aerial seeding vegetation gradually began a near-naturalization process, the soil moisture gradually recovered, the nutrient accumulation showed an increasing trend, and the community structure was more stable. With the extension of vegetation succession time, species that can efficiently utilize resources for rapid growth have replaced species with low growth rates and excessive investment in defensive structures as part of their adaptation strategies.