The application of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology is significant for China to achieve its carbon neutrality goals. However, the current scale of CCUS deployment has not met the expected demand for emission reduction targets. Its development is constrained by factors such as technical economic viability, potential environmental risks, and complementary government support policies. Clarifying the domestic and international research progress of CCUS technology, and identifying its economic viability and main environmental risks, can help deepen the research, promotion, and sustainable development of CCUS technology. Based on the CNKI and Web of Science databases, this paper used the bibliometric method to systematically analyze the literature on CCUS technology from 2000 to 2024, and further reviewed the studies on the economic and environmental impact of CCUS technology. The results show that: (1) In terms of the number of publications and discipline categories, the number of publications related to CCUS technology is continuously increasing, but the current research is mainly concentrated in the natural sciences, with the social sciences research needing more enrichment; (2) In terms of the research countries, the research has been dominated by developed countries in the early stage, and the attention of developing countries has gradually increased in recent years. Currently, the United States, China, and the United Kingdom are in the leading position in the field of CCUS, but the influence of Chinese research needs to be further enhanced; (3) From the perspective of research themes comparison between Chinese and English studies, English literature pays more attention to environmental risks, public acceptance, and derivative technologies such as BECCS and DAC, while Chinese literature is richer in the application research of CCUS technology in the power sector; (4) In terms of the economic and environmental impacts of CCUS technology, research on CCUS environmental risks mainly focuses on pollutant emissions and carbon leakage, and economic impact research concentrates on cost accounting, the economic cost comparison of CCUS with other low-carbon technologies, and the impact of government support on CCUS costs. However, current literature is primarily based on micro-level studies, with macro-perspective research needing more enrichment. Future research should explore the intrinsic connection between CCUS technology and its economic and environmental impacts, promote the integration and expansion of engineering technology models with macroeconomic models, and construct a comprehensive evaluation framework for CCUS technology aimed at carbon neutrality goals. This will provide valuable insights for promoting the low-carbon transformation of China's industrial and energy sectors.