Soil fungi in urban green space, including plant and animal pathogens, threaten plant growth as well as human health. These fungi can be found in various soil types, including urban green space. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the distribution and influencing factors of pathogenic fungi in soils of urban green space. In this study, we conducted research in Shanghai's urban green spaces to investigate the diversity and influencing factors of soil pathogenic fungi. We found that the greater diversity of plant pathogenic fungi was primarily distributed in the outside of the middle ring road, while the higher diversity of animal pathogenic fungi was mainly concentrated in the inner ring road. In addition, according to the FUNGuild annotation, plant and animal pathogens accounted for 10.7% and 5.7% of the total fungal species, respectively. Specifically, the Volutella, Monographella, Gibberella, Clonostachys and Curvularia were the dominant plant pathogenic fungi, which account for 66% of the total plant pathogenic fungi. The dominant animal pathogenic fungi include Trichosporon, Metarhizium, Madurella, Metacordyceps, and Beauveria, which account for 99% of the total abundance of animal pathogenic fungi. Additionally, our results revealed a negative correlation between soil fungal community diversity and per capita GDP (P<0.05), and significant effects of social-economic factors such as population density and per capita green space area on the composition of fungal communities. The Mantel test analysis revealed that the community composition of pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi was significantly influenced by mean annual temperature and population density (P<0.05), and pathogenic fungi exhibited a stronger response to population density compared to non-pathogenic fungi. Those results indicated population density had a greater impact on the composition of the pathogenic fungi community (r=0.43), while non-pathogenic fungi community mainly response to mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, and per capita green space area. Moreover, the correlation coefficient between population density and the community composition of plant pathogenic fungi was 0.32, while for animal pathogenic fungi it was 0.39. These results indicate that the population density is the primary factor affecting the community composition of soil pathogenic fungi, especially animal pathogenic fungi, while climate factors such as mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation more significantly affect the community composition of non-pathogenic fungi. Our study highlights the impact of human activities on the diversity and community composition of pathogenic fungi in urban green space, which has important implications for enhancing soil quality of urban green spaces and public health.