Plants functional traits can reflect the adaptation of plant species and their survival ecological strategies to the surrounding environment. Exploring the relationship between plants and their living environment through plant functional traits is helpful to understand ecological adaptations and the resource utilization strategies of plants in the mudflat wetlands in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. This is important for the restoration and reconstruction of mudflat wetlands vegetation in the Yangtze River. At the same time, mudflat wetland vegetation is a prerequisite for mudflat wetland ecosystems to function properly, while maintaining healthy watercourse and landscape connectivity. Therefore, in this study, we took the watershed of the Anqing section of the Yangtze River as the study area, selected 14 plant functional trait indices of 17 typical mudflat wetland plants. The aim is to investigate the functional trait characteristics and their differences of mudflat wetland plants under the influence of environmental changes, and to reveal the ecological adaptation strategies of mudflat wetland plants in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The results showed that: (1) The plant functional traits of mudflat wetland plants exhibited some degrees of variation. The maximum coefficient of variation (CV)was leaf density (361.39%), while the minimum was relative chlorophyll content (21.75%). The average magnitude of variation was 106.55%. (2)There were different degrees of correlation among leaf traits, stem traits and leaf -stem traits. Among them, there were large correlations among leaf traits, with highly significant positive correlations between leaf length and leaf width, leaf dry weight, relative chlorophyll content, and leaf perimeter(P < 0.01). Stem dry matter content was significantly negatively correlated with leaf length, leaf thickness, leaf area and leaf tissue density (P < 0.05), whereas it was significantly positively correlated with leaf circumference. Twig tissue density was significantly negatively correlated with leaf dry matter content, leaf length and leaf thickness (P < 0.05). (3)The results of redundancy analyses showed that Ammonium nitrogen, Available phosphorus, Bulk density, Soil organic matter, Total phosphorus, pH and Available potassium were the key factor affecting that adaptive strategies of mudflat wetland plants in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In conclusion, the variation of plant functional traits of typical mudflat wetland was abundant in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, they can adapt well to the environment by forming a certain traits combination and interacting with environmental factors.