Investigating the coupling and coordination relationship between soil and water conservation technology and ecological industry holds significant reference value for realizing the coordinated development of ecological civilization construction and social economy in the Southwest Alpine Canyan Region with serious soil erosion. Taking Yongsheng County, a typical poverty-stricken mountainous area, as an empirical study, this paper explored the coupling coordination development process of soil and water conservation technology and ecological industry and their obstacle factors in the county from 2009 to 2022 by constructing the coupling coordination evaluation index system and using the development index model, coupling coordination degree model and obstacle degree model, so as to provide theoretical reference and scientific basis for the coordinated development of local soil and water conservation technology and ecological industry. The results indicate that: (1) From 2009 to 2022, the development level of soil and water conservation technology shows a dynamic upward trend, while the development level of ecological industry displays a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. The soil and water conservation technology and ecological industry have gone through from a "low-level synchronous development type" to a "soil and water conservation technology leading development type" and finally to a "high-level synchronous development type," with the current state showing a synchronous improvement in both areas. (2) During 2009 to 2022, the soil and water conservation technology and ecological industry have been in a highly coupled state. The coupling coordination degree has entered the advanced coupling stage from the intermediate coupling stage and has grown rapidly. The soil and water conservation technology and ecological industry are currently in the advanced coordination-synchronous development stage; (3) From 2009 to 2022, the obstacle factors affecting the coupling and coordinated development of soil and water conservation technology and ecological industry are forest coverage, per capita disposable income of rural residents and industrial structure upgrading index. The main obstacle factors are technical benefit, technical suitability, industrial efficiency and industrial benefit. The soil and water conservation technology and ecological industry in Yongsheng County have entered the stage of coupling and coordinated development. At present, the main goal should be to improve the suitability of technology and industrial integration, carry out technology research and development and demonstration, improve the maturity of technology, improve the suitability of policies and regulations, promote the extension of industrial chain and the development of industrial integration, and promote the further organic combination of soil and water conservation technology and ecological industry.