Wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) have serious consequences for both animals and road users, resulting in fatalities and injuries, major economic losses, and high biodiversity costs. Reducing road mortality has become increasing important for wildlife conservation, safe transport, and economic development. Among the community of vertebrate groups, amphibians and reptiles are more vulnerable to road mortality because they often migrate to the habitats for hibernation in autumn and breeding in spring. A recent assessment suggested that they accounted for almost 80% of the road mortality among vertebrates. It is clear that road-kill is a major source of their mortality and may be contributing to their global decline. Therefore, monitoring changes in the diversity of amphibians and reptiles within the road effect zone and identifying the mechanism of its influence is a pressing issue. This article reviews ecological studies on road-kill of amphibians and reptiles, summarises the main factors influencing it, shows its impact on population and genetic diversity, and presents the ingredients for an effective engineering programme. Road-kills of amphibians and reptiles is related to external factors such as weather, traffic conditions, seasonal and temporal factors, and spatial factors, as well as influenced by their own biological characteristics, life history and ecological needs. China is very rich in amphibians and reptiles, Taiwan established an island-wide road-kill monitoring network in 2011, with 123 species of amphibians and reptiles road-killed; Chinese Mainland has developed road-kill monitoring applications in 2021, and this article shows that 105 species of amphibians and reptiles have been road-killed. In an effort to mitigate these impacts, many technologies and conservation strategies have been developed to counter anthropogenic threats. DNA barcoding and radio tracking technologies are being used to conduct biodiversity surveys; road construction needs to pay sufficient attention to minimise the pervasive impact, from design to implementation of mitigation measures. Given the slow movements of amphibians and reptiles, traffic calming and temporary road closure actions in an area of high road density may be effective options. Based on the migratory behaviour, culverts combined with fences are necessary in the road effect zone, as fences can direct them into culverts, 55% of amphibian individuals use ecological culverts to cross roads, and exclusion fences can reduce the road mortality of reptile individuals by an average of 54%. Finally, there remains an urgent need to improve and update the sustainable planning of road construction and conservation initiatives in China, to ensure that regions that support exceptional biodiversity with vital ecosystem services are protected.