贝类增殖放流对潮间带大型底栖动物群落的影响——以坎门湾为例
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浙江省自然资源厅自然资源科技项目(2024ZJHY007,2021-49)


The influences of shellfish releasing on the macrobenthic community in intertidal zone: A case study in Kanmen Bay, China
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    摘要:

    为了解贝类增殖放流对潮间带大型底栖动物群落的影响,于2022年5月(春季)和10月(秋季)对台州市玉环县坎门湾区域贝类增殖区和对照区潮间带大型底栖动物群落开展了现场调查和研究。两次调查共采集到大型底栖动物6门7纲55科89种,增殖区记录到的物种数(62种)高于对照区(59种),全区、增殖区和对照区大型底栖动物均为软体动物种类占比最高,分别占相应区域物种数的46.07%、51.61%和49.15%。春季,增殖区和对照区大型底栖动物优势种分别为9种和4种,共有优势种是微角齿口螺Odostomia subangulata和纹藤壶Amphibalanus amphitrite;秋季,分别为4种和5种,共有优势种是绯拟沼螺Assiminea latericea和日本大眼蟹Macrophthalmus(Mareotis) japonicus。不管是春季还是秋季,大型底栖动物平均栖息密度、生物量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Margalef丰富度指数(D)均表现为增殖区>对照区,而Pielou均匀度指数(J')表现为对照区>增殖区。双因素方差分析表明,增殖区和对照区之间大型底栖动物生物量差异显著,而种类数、栖息密度在春季和秋季之间差异显著,其余参数在区域间及季节间差异均不显著。聚类分析表明,春季增殖区和对照区的大型底栖动物群落相似度较高,可分为增殖区(T1和T2断面)和对照区(T3和T4断面)2组;秋季相似度较低,可分为增殖区T1断面、增殖区T2断面和对照区T3和T4断面3组。结合增殖放流前以及周边调查数据,贝类增殖放流两年后,大型底栖动物群落物种数、平均栖息密度、生物量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')和Margalef丰富度指数(D)均有提高,但效果不明显,研究区域大型底栖动物恢复效果并不理想。

    Abstract:

    To better understand the influences of shellfish release on the macrobenthic community in intertidal zone, we sampled biological materials in the tidal zone of Kanmen Bay. Two sampling special schemes were used, i.e., shellfish releasing area and the control area sampled in May 2022 and October 2022. The macrobenthic communities were analyzed in the two areas. In total, 89 taxa of macrobenthos were identified across all areas, among which 62 and 59 taxa were recorded in shellfish releasing area and in the control area, respectively. Mollusca were the dominant macrobenthos in the whole area, shellfish releasing area and the control area, accounting for 46.07%, 51.61% and 49.15% respectively. In spring, there were nine dominant species in shellfish releasing area, and four in the control area. Odostomia subangulata and Amphibalanus amphitrite were common dominant species. In autumn, there were four dominant species in shellfish releasing area, and five in the control area. Assiminea latericea and Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) japonicus were common dominant species. The average abundance, biomass, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Margalef richness index were ranked as shellfish releasing area>control area despite whether it was in spring or in fall, while the Pielou's evenness index was higher in control area than in shellfish releasing area. Results of two-way ANOVA showed that the biomass of the macrobenthos was significantly different between the shellfish releasing area and the control area, the number of species, density were significantly different between spring and autumn, and other parameters were not significantly different between regions and seasons. All the macrobenthos were divided into two groups-T1 and T2 sections in shellfish releasing area, T3 and T4 sections in control area in spring, three groups-T1 sections in shellfish releasing area, T2 sections shellfish releasing area, T3 and T4 sections in control area in autumn. Combined with pre-release and surrounding survey data, though the species, average abundance, average biomass, Shannon-Wiener index(H'), and Margalef's species richness index (D) increase atfter two years of shellfish releasing, the recovery of macrobenthos in the study area was not satisfactory.

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贾胜华,熊李虎,林良羽,廖一波,郑重莺,毛健,叶文建,柴雪良.贝类增殖放流对潮间带大型底栖动物群落的影响——以坎门湾为例.生态学报,2025,45(4):1711~1722

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