Under the leadership of Xi Jinping"s ecological civilization ideology and motivated by the shift in ecological conservation concepts, China has established a "Trinity" ecosystem protection system that encompassing ecological space, ecological systems, and specific regions. This system is characterized by three distinct characteristics, which contains comprehensive and systematic protection, harmonizing protection with development, and multi-stakeholder governance collaborative protection. Its objective is to ensure comprehensive protection of the quantity, quality, and services of ecosystems. In terms of ecological space protection, China has successfully transitioned from exclusively focusing on the protection of ecological space to implementing a comprehensive management and control strategy that encompasses ecological space, agricultural space, and urban space. This holistic approach effectively tackles the problem of encroachment on ecological space at its very core. For significant ecological systems, the focus has transformed from solely managing the resource attributes of significant ecological systems to the integrated management of both the "resource attributes and ecological attributes" of these systems. This fundamental transformation has effectively enhanced the quality of ecological systems, the capacity for supplying ecological products, and the sustainable utilization of natural resources. For specific regions, there has been a transformation from the protection of individual elements in separate zones to a more coordinated approach that involves regional protection, the coordinated protection of elements, integrated protection of social, economic, and ecological environments, and pluralistic governance. In response to the strategic imperatives of ecological civilization and the development of an aesthetically pleasing China in the modern era, there is still a need for further enhancement of China"s ecological protection system. This improvement is particularly essential in three key areas: the imperative need to establish or formulate fundamental legislation for ecological protection, enhance the alignment between major policies and ecological protection systems, and expedite the establishment of a new era institutional framework based on innovative concepts.