This study analyzes the characteristics of plant community structure and its stability during the ecological restoration process of copper mining areas, to provide theoretical basis for the vegetation restoration of damaged ecosystems in mining areas. The "space for time" method was used to analyze the composition structure and stability of plant community in different restoration years [1 year (R1), 10 years (R10), 30 years (R30), and 45 years (R45)] and control areas (CK) of copper mining areas located in Tongling city. The results show: (1) In the early stage of restoration (R1), the community species is dominated by Elsholtzia splendens+Artemisia capillaris+Commelina communis. In the middle period of restoration (R10), Artemisia capillaris, Miscanthus floridulus, and Elsholtzia splendens were the dominant species. In the R30 and R45, the community species was dominated by Elsholtzia splendens + Commelina communis. It is the basic process of spontaneous succession of the abandoned land in the mining area. (2) During the restoration process, the Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, Pielou evenness index, and biomass of plant communities firstly increased (R1 and R10) and then decreased (R30 and R45); Whittaker β index showed an increasing trend with the restoration of plant communities. (3) The intersections of Godron stability of the four plant communities and the control areas plant communities with the Euclidean distance to the community stability reference points (20, 80) are respectively 23.19 (R1), 43.91 (R10), 24.25 (R30), 15.41 (R45), and 10.78 (CK). The study indicates that during the natural restoration process, the species richness of plant communities increased and the stability and complexity of communities enhanced. By revealing the natural succession pattern and its stability characteristic on vegetation, this study provides theoretical support for vegetation restoration and community succession dynamics in copper mining areas.