Navigating the intricate challenges of vegetation restoration in complex and diverse environments is a critical endeavor within the realm of restoration ecology. The plant response-effect trait framework holds promise for achieving the targeted function restoration of vegetation in challenging habitats. However,its application in island ecosystems is yet to be fully investigated. This study focused on the vegetation restoration of five islands in the Zhongjieshan Islands of Zhoushan Archipelago. Initially,the target functions of vegetation restoration on Zhongjieshan Islands were determined to be wind resistance,saline-alkaline tolerance,and tolerance to barren based on historical and existing vegetation and microhabitat conditions. Second,relationship models were established between the target functions of vegetation restoration and plant traits,based on measurements of 10 plant functional traits across 78 plots on 43 islands in the Zhoushan Archipelago. Finally,based on the response-effect trait framework,a Bayesian model was then used to simulate the abundance distribution range of dominant plant species with targeted traits under varying functions. The results showed that: (1) The existing vegetation on Zhongjieshan Islands comprised deciduous broad-leaved shrubs,evergreen broad-leaved shrubs,coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests,and grasslands. The microhabitat types were characterized by mountainous uphill,mountainous downhill,valley plains,mountain tops,and near-shore steep slopes. (2) There were 44 potential species for vegetation restoration in Zhongjieshan Islands,encompassing 28 families and 38 genera. (3) The optimal relationship models between vegetation restoration target functions and plant functional traits were as follows: wind resistance function=0.99+0.04 tree height+0.01 specific leaf area-0.01 leaf dry matter content; saline-alkaline tolerance function=32.55-4.30 leaf carbon content+0.48 leaf phosphorus content-0.53 specific leaf area-0.93 wood density; tolerance to barren function=4.92+0.40 tree height-0.35 Huber value-0.80 specific leaf area-0.54 leaf nitrogen content. (4) In the construction of wind resistance communities,Ficus erecta accounted for about 40%,followed by Eurya japonica and Mallotus tenuifolius,each accounted for 18%,and Eurya emarginata and Pittosporum tobira,each accounted for 5%. For saline-alkaline tolerance communities,the dominant species with relatively high abundance were Mallotus japonicus (20%),Elaeagnus pungens (5%),and Loropetalum chinense (5%). For tolerance to barren communities,Loropetalum chinense has the highest relative abundance (25%),followed by Rhaphiolepis indica (18%) and Rhus chinensis (10%). In conclusion,these results highlight the effective application of plant functional traits in determining species selection and their relative abundance for island vegetation restoration,offering a theoretical and practical framework for achieving targeted restoration goals.