In recent years, due to excessive grazing and other irrational utilization of grasslands, the biomass of grasslands has significantly decreased, leading to a series of problems such as decreased forage quality and reduced livestock production, seriously affecting the sustainable development of the local ecology and economy. Grass livestock balance is the basis for rational utilization of grasslands, achieving dynamic balance between grass and livestock, and achieving regional sustainable development.Therefore, this study uses the theory of grassland-livestock balance and takes the Ordos grassland as the research object. Based on the modified CASA model, the vegetation NPP was inverted, and the forage yield in the grassland was estimated. Combined with actual livestock-carrying capacity data, the livestock-carrying pressure index was used to measure the grassland-livestock balance status of different grassland types. The results show that: ①The average annual forage yield in the Ordos region from 2000 to 2020 was 648.8kg/hm2, and the forage yield showed a fluctuating upward trend year by year, showing a decreasing trend from east to west in space. Under different grassland types, the grass yield of warm steppe and warm meadow steppe is greater than that of warm desert steppe and warm desert.②The annual average actual livestock-carrying capacity of grasslands in the city is 1.48 sheep units/hm2, while the average theoretical livestock-carrying capacity is 0.49 sheep units/hm2. Over the past 20 years, both the actual and theoretical livestock-carrying capacity have shown an increasing trend, and the increase in actual livestock-carrying capacity is greater than the theoretical livestock-carrying capacity. The grasslands in Ordos City have been in an overloaded state for a long time. In terms of space, the livestock-carrying pressure on warm steppe and warm meadow steppe in the eastern region is lower than that on warm desert steppe and warm desert in the western region.③The changes in livestock-carrying pressure are mainly influenced by precipitation and human grazing, and the livestock-carrying pressure is greater in dry years. After the implementation of the grassland ecological subsidy and reward mechanism in 2011, the grassland has been restored to a certain extent, and the changes in livestock-carrying pressure on the grassland are relatively stable.