For endangered plant,individual survival and population dynamics are deeply affected by species composition,interspecific interactions,and consequently,the stability within the community. Therefore,research into the niche and interspecific associations among different community species can play a significant role in understanding both the mechanisms of endangerment and the strategies for de-listing threatened plants. In this study,the trees in seven fixed samples plots of Abies ziyuanensis communities were thoroughly investigated in Guangxi Yinzhu Laoshan Abies ziyuanensis national nature reserve,the type locality for this endangered species. The method of the niche determination,ratio of variance (VR) method,Chi-square test (χ² test),interspecific association coefficients (AC) and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test analysis were used. The ecological niche and interspecific association of the top 15 most dominant tree species with important values in the community were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The dominant tree species with larger niche width in the tree layer included Quercus multinervis,A. ziyuanensis,Illicium angustisepalum,Schima superba,Clethra delavayi and Enkianthus chinensis. (2) The mean value of niche overlap among dominant tree species was 0.699,and the niche overlap index among dominant tree species consistently achieved a high value,potentially due to similar demands for environmental or resources. This suggests relatively strong interspecific competition and unstable interspecies relationships. Thereinto,there were 14 species pairs of A. ziyuanensis with other dominant tree species,including 8 species pairs of with O_ik ≥0.50,and the niche overlap value of dominant tree species were high,indicating that the competition between species was intense. (3) Significant positive association was not found in both the overall association and interspecific association of those dominant tree species,,indicating that the A. ziyuanensis community in Yinzhu Laoshan may be in the early stage of dynamic development. (4) Analyzing by Chi-square test (χ² test),interspecific association coefficients (AC) and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test,only relatively weak associations without significant correlation levels were found among the majority of species pairs in those trees. (5) The correlation between interspecific association coefficient,Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test and niche overlap value of dominant tree species had reached an extremely significant positive level (P＜0.001). Based on the results,it may be concluded that weak species associations,labile structure and independent distribution pattern of the dominant tree species were the current features of A. ziyuanensis community in Yinzhu Laoshan,Guangxi. Therefore,a strengthen protection of the original habitat,and long-term population dynamic monitoring had also been suggested for A. ziyuanensis in the protected area.