This study investigated the impact of intensive facility cultivation on the structure and function of the soil fungal community. Soil samples were collected from areas cultivated within facilities and from neighboring open field soils in intensive vegetable planting regions in Ningxia, with the latter serving as the control group. Illumina high-throughput sequencing, in combination with the FUNGuild tool, was utilized to examine the variations in fungal community structure, diversity, functional groups, and the primary influencing factors between open field and facility soil. Results highlighted that: (1) Facility cultivation has resulted in a decrease of alpha diversity in soil fungal communities. In comparison with the open field soil, the Pielou evenness index, Shannon diversity index, mean nearest taxon distance, and mean pairings distance of the fungal communities in facility soil exhibited significant decrease of 20.54%, 21.92%, 29.82%, and 16.35%, respectively. (2) The soil fungal community composition and structure were notably influenced by facility cultivation, displaying distinct regional variations. The relative abundances of fungal genera such as Gibberella and Coprinellus decreased significantly in the facility soil, while Kernia, Humicola, Microascus, Fusarium, and Neocosmospora exhibited a notable increase. (3) Facilities cultivation diminishes the complexity and stability of soil fungal networks. In comparison with the field soil, the facility soil exhibited a decrease in the node number, edge number, diameter, average degree, average path length, clustering coefficient, and modularity of the fungal network by 30.20%, 79.68%, 45.57%, 70.89%, 37.26%, 47.43%, and 10.00%, respectively. Additionally, the Robustness decreased by 43.75%, and the maximum vulnerability increased by 72.51%. (4) Facility cultivation brought about significant c hanges in the composition and structure of soil fungal functional groups. The relative abundance of functional groups linked to pathotroph, symbiotroph, and pathotroph-saprotroph fungi, as well as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, experienced a marked decrease in facility soil. In contrast, the relative abundance of functional groups associated with pathotroph-saprotroph-symbiotroph fungi and plant-pathogen fungi underwent significant enrichment in facility soil. (5) The practice of facility cultivation has altered the critical environmental factors that affected the diversity of soil fungal communities. In facility soil, the annual average temperature exerted the most significant influence on the diversity of soil fungal communities, whereas nitrate nitrogen played the most dominant role in open field soil. The findings enhance our understanding of how intensive human interference affects the structure and function of soil fungal communities in facility cultivation, and offer the theoretical references for the sustainable utilization of facility soil.