Clarifying the impacts of climate change on ecosystem services is pivotal for sustainable ecosystem development. Based on the Web of Science core collection science citation index expanded database and the knowledge graph drawn by CiteSpace software, this study analyzes the trends, hotspots, and cutting-edge aspects in the previous climate change-related ecosystem service research. The main results are listed as follows. Overall, this topic has emerged as a key topic of interest, attracting increasing attention. Scholars have explored this topic from multiple perspectives, including the impact of climate change on the supply of ecosystem services, the underlying mechanisms, and how to address climate change through the protection and management of ecosystems. Besides, this topic has revealed dynamic and continuously evolving trends, with the research focus transitioning from assessing the impact of climate change on ecosystem services to discussing how to manage ecosystems in the face of climate change. To date, significant progress has been made in assessing the impact of climate change on ecosystem services, identifying its influence on trade-offs and synergies, explaining the underlying mechanisms, and developing optimization management measures. Based on value equivalent approaches and models like InVEST, ecosystem services such as soil retention and habitat quality can be assessed. The trade-off and synergy relationships can be discerned from temporal and spatial dimensions. Climate change can directly and indirectly affect ecosystem services, which in turn have feedback effects on climate change. Through management, enhancing ecosystem resilience to climate change can thereby improve human well-being. However, there is an urgent need to deepen our understanding of the threshold effect of ecosystem services under climate change and to devote more attention to the response of cultural services using data from sources such as social media. Additionally, it is of great significance to analyze how climate change affects the multi relationships between different ecosystem services. Incorporating trade-offs and synergies into decision-making process is an essential prerequisite for achieving sustainable development. Moreover, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of the impact of future climate change on ecosystem services. This can be achieved by constructing a coupling relationship that links future climate scenarios, land use, and ecosystem services. Furthermore, one of the key challenges to be addressed is how to identify more effective management strategies and assess their efficiency within the constraints of limited funding. Simulation-based research on ecosystem service management using artificial intelligence and big data in a climate-changed world will be a beneficial tool for decision-making.