Korean pine-broadleaved forest serves as a typical representative vegetation of Northeast China. However, historical harvesting disturbances have resulted in severe ecological degradation, posing a threat to national ecological security and stability. Biodiversity plays a crucial role in the maintenance of ecosystem functions. Therefore, elucidating the changes in biodiversity pre- and post-harvesting is of great significance for assessing the impacts of harvesting disturbances and understanding the process of forest restoration. Phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity are two important facets of biodiversity. However, traditional research has remained on species diversity, making it difficult to comprehensively reflect on the impacts of harvest disturbance on biodiversity. This study was conducted in Korean pine-broadleaved forests in Jiaohe, Jilin Province. Based on the data obtained from four forest plots, integrating information about plant phylogeny and functional traits, this study explored the impacts of harvesting disturbance on phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity. The results revealed that medium and high intensity harvesting disturbance significantly reduced phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity. However, under medium disturbance conditions, forests diversity can recover in a short period of time, while the recovery is much slower under high intensity disturbance conditions. In addition, harvesting disturbance also influenced the community weighted mean of functional traits, the community weighted mean of wood density increased with harvesting intensity, while the community weighted mean of maximum height decreased with harvesting intensity. Moreover, compared to harvesting intensity and basal area reduction, the relationship between basal area remaining and biodiversity is more significantly correlated, indicating that post-harvest stand density plays a key role in biodiversity recovery, and it should be highly considered during forest management and restoration. In conclusion, phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity offer a novel and comprehensive perspective for evaluating the impacts of harvesting disturbance on biodiversity. This study provides technological support for ecosystem restoration and biodiversity conservation in Korean pine-broadleaved forests.