Resource-environmental carrying capacity is a crucial link between regional resource-environmental sustainability and socioeconomic coordinated development. It is essential for ensuring the balanced development of both human activities and natural systems. Furthermore, it forms the foundation for optimizing the spatial development of national territories. This paper, using Fujian Province as an example, adopts the comprehensive evaluation method to systematically construct evaluation systems, that align with the geographical characteristics of the southern hilly region and mountainous areas. At the same time, it combines other methodologies such as coupling coordination model and geodetector to assess the basic status of resource-environmental carrying capacity and levels of social development in each county. Based on these, this paper also analyses the spatial-temporal dynamics of coupling coordination of resource-environmental carrying capacity and social development. Using geodetector analysis, this paper explores the impact factors that associated with these two interrelated systems after the decade-long period development. The results show that: (1) The spatial distribution of resource-environmental carrying capacity across Fujian Province shows significant variation depending on the orientation of the resource utilization. Under the ecological orientation, counties exhibit a wide distribution of medium values, with interspersed high values and low values. Spatial pattern of urban-oriented carrying capacity reveals a more complex pattern, with high values and low values distributed unevenly along the eastern coastal counties, reflecting the region's rapid urbanization. In contrast, the agricultural oriented result displays a gradual increase from north to south in general; (2) The overall spatial distribution of social development levels is characterized by higher levels on the eastern coastal region and a lower level in the western interior. With the active collaborative development of Fujian Province, the gap in the level of social development among counties has been narrowing year by year; (3) Over the period from 2010 to 2019, the degree of coupling coordination between resource-environmental carrying capacity and social development level of different orientation in each county has been continuously strengthened. This indicates a positive and synergistic relationship between these two systems, with both benefiting from mutually reinforcing development trends. Coupling coordination result of these two systems shows a spatial pattern of high in the southeast and lower in the northwest regions; (4) Influence factors of the social development system have a stronger explanatory power in determining the coupling coordination results of different orientations than the factors associated with resource-environmental carrying capacity. Interactions among influence factors have a greater effect on the coupling coordination result than that of a single factor and all of them are bi-factorial or non-linearly enhanced, meaning that the combined influence of different variables can produce greater outcomes than would be expected from their isolated impacts. It indicates that the coupling coordination of the two systems is the result of the interaction of multiple factors. Ultimately, the findings of this research aim to offer theoretical support for the coordinated development of regional resource-environment and socioeconomic systems, providing a reference for optimizing land utilization and resource management in Fujian Province in the years to come.