The changes of soil organic nitrogen components and content directly affect the potential of soil nitrogen supply, but how nitrogen fertilizer addition affects soil organic nitrogen components is still unclear. To address this, this study focused on farmland soil, with nitrogen fertilizer treatment and soil organic nitrogen as the main themes. We collected 1792 field test data published at home and abroad from 1981 to 2023, and carried out meta-analysis. The results showed that: 1) Nitrogen addition significantly increased the content of total nitrogen and organic nitrogen in farmland soil, and the increase of amino sugar nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen was the largest, while the increase of non-hydrolysable nitrogen was the smallest. 2) The nitrogen addition rate is an important factor affecting the accumulation of soil organic nitrogen. Except for non-hydrolysable nitrogen, the accumulation of other organic nitrogen components increases with the increase of nitrogen addition rate. 3) Compared with short-term (1-3 a) and long-term ( > 9 a) nitrogen addition, medium and long-term (3-9 a) nitrogen addition is more conducive to the accumulation of soil organic nitrogen. 4) The content of soil organic nitrogen components accumulated significantly in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers, while there was no significant change in 40-60 cm soil layers. 5) Soil organic carbon and mineral nitrogen are the key abiotic factors for the change of soil organic nitrogen content after nitrogen addition; Microbial biomass nitrogen and protease activity are important biotic factors affecting organic nitrogen components. It can be seen that application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the organic nitrogen content and nitrogen supply potential of farmland soil, especially in the soil with higher organic carbon content and microbial activity, the cumulative effect of fertilization on organic nitrogen was more obvious.