To explore the changes of niche and interspecific association of Pinus taiwanensis forests in Wuyishan National Park along the altitude gradient. Based on the quadrat survey, niche determination, variance ratio method, χ² test, Pearson correlation test and Spearman rank correlation test were used to study the niche and interspecific association of the main species in the P. taiwanensis forests plot along the altitude gradient in Wuyishan National Park. The results showed that: (1) P. taiwanensis, Rhododendron ovatum and Rhododendron latoucheae are the common tree species in the P. taiwanensis forests plot along the altitude gradient in Wuyishan National Park. Among them, P. taiwanensis occupies more resources in each altitude plot, which has a great influence on the resources and environment in this area. (2) The average value of niche breadth, the average value of niche overlap coefficient of P. taiwanensis forests plot along the altitude gradient in Wuyishan National Park increased gradually with the increase of altitude, indicating that the resource utilization rate of species in this area changed significantly along the altitude gradient. (3) The overall connection of the study area was significantly positive. The overall connection of the P. taiwanensis sample plots along the altitude gradient in Wuyishan National Park was as follows: 1400m sample plot was not significantly negative, 1500m sample plot was not significantly positive, 1600m sample plot was significantly positive, and 1700m sample plot was not significantly negative. As a whole, it is conducive to the stability of the community. There are differences in the connection of P. taiwanensis forests sample plot along the altitude gradient in Wuyishan National Park, and the altitude has a significant effect on the connection results. (4) The average value of the interspecific association index of the species in the P. taiwanensis forests along the altitude gradient in the Wuyishan National Park gradually increased with the increase of altitude, and the number of positive association species gradually increased with the increase of altitude. The degree of interspecific association changed significantly in the P. taiwanensis forests plot along the altitude gradient in Wuyishan National Park. (5) The species-pair relationship formed by species correlation also changed along the altitude gradient of P. taiwanensis forests plot in Wuyishan National Park. In the study area 1400—1700m altitude range, the number of positive correlation species gradually increased with the increase of the altitude of the P. taiwanensis forests sample plot in Wuyishan National Park.