Urban greenspace is closely related to the health and well-being of residents, and the multiple health benefits brought by exposing to greenspace has become a hot topic that couples urban ecology and health science. Although review studies in this field are common, it still lacks a systematic review of the health benefits of greenspace exposure which is based on a unified theoretical framework. The recently proposed theory of exposure ecology, as a coupled framework of natural ecosystem-ecological exposure-health effects, can comprehensively summarize the existing research and guide future research in related fields. Therefore, this study conducted a review from the perspective of exposure ecology, under four interfaces of subject-reality, object-reality, subject-virtual, and object-virtual. Further, we pointed out some gaps, such as the research section (scale) was single and threshold and virtual (and multi-sensory) research were insufficient. Finally, future research prospects were proposed to: (1) Construct a cross-temporal, multi-scale greenspace exposure measurement model, and quantify the causal effect between greenspace and health; (2) Construct a threshold model to analyze the subject and object thresholds of greenspace exposure for health promotion; and (3) Explore how greenspace characteristics, exposure methods and doses, and multi-sensory experiences would impact on health. This research can further deepen the understanding of the frontiers and deficiencies in related fields, as well as enrich the theoretical system of exposure ecology.