Although the socio-economic development benefits from establishment of transport infrastructures, their unreasonable construction also pose profound negative impact on ecological systems and sustainability. In China, the rapid development of high-speed railway (HSR) network has had a large impact on the changes in land use and landscape patterns along the routes. Therefore, scientific analysis of the gradient effect of the changes in the land use and landscape pattern along the high-speed railway routes, and then understanding the impacts of human activities on ecosystems represented by high-speed railroads is of great significance in enhancing landscape ecological protection and building a sustainable high-speed railway network. The Xi'an-Chengdu high-speed railway connecting the hub city of northwestern China, Xi'an with the hub city of southwestern China, Chengdu was launched in December 2012 and operation started in December 2017. As China's first high-speed railway crossing the Qinling Mountains, it is highly typical to explore the disturbing impacts of this high-speed railway line on land use and landscape patterns along the route. Against this background, this study takes the 10-km buffer zone on both sides of the Xi'an-Chengdu high-speed railway as the study area, divides the 1-km equally spaced buffer zone, and analyzes the changes in land use and landscape patterns in the buffer zone and buffer zone based on land use data before and after the construction of the Xicheng high-speed railway (2010 and 2018) to reveal the gradient effect of the impacts of the high-speed railway line. The results show that: (1) Cultivated land, woodland and grassland are the main landscape types in the buffer zone along the Xicheng high-speed rail line. The opening of the HSR line construction increased the human activity area represented by construction land. (2) Under the influence of the construction and opening of high-speed rail lines, the degree of land use shows significant neighboring high-speed rail pointing and distance attenuation gradient effects, and the area with the largest increase in the degree of land use is located within 1km from the high-speed rail line, showing the trend of agglomeration under the high-speed rail pointing. (3) The impact of the opening of the high-speed rail line construction on the landscape pattern has a significant distance attenuation gradient effect. The effect zones show the distribution characteristics of Qinling section (1.3km)