The China’s Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) project is a significantly national scientific infrastructure. The FAST Quiet Zone within a radius of 30 km is ecologically fragile, with lagging economic and social development, facing dual pressures of ecological protection and accelerated development. Constructing an ecological security pattern is an important approach to reconcile the contradiction between regional economic development and ecological protection, and to promote regional sustainable development. This study focuses on the FAST Quiet Zone, utilizing the 2020 ecosystem service functions and applying the Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) multi-criteria decision-making method to consider the trade-offs among various ecosystem services under seven scenarios, identifying the most suitable priority conservation areas as the ecological sources of the FAST Quiet Zone. Based on ecological sensitivity results, the basic resistance surface is revised to obtain a comprehensive resistance surface. The circuit theory is employed to extract ecological corridors and key ecological nodes, constructing an ecological security pattern for the FAST Quiet Zone. The results indicated that: (1) There were significantly temporal and spatial differences in ecosystem services within the FAST Quiet Zone, with an average decrease in water conservation and soil retention from 2000 to 2020, and an increase in carbon sequestration and habitat quality. (2) A total of 44 ecological sources were identified, covering area of 197.15 km2, showing a dense distribution in the north and sparse in the south, and more in the west than in the east, predominantly located at the interfaces between towns. (3) 72 active corridors and 3 inactive corridors were extracted, with a total length of 537.66 km, showing a spider-web-like distribution pattern. 38 ecological pinch points and 18 primary barrier points were identified, with areas of 2.56 km2 and 14 km2, respectively. (4) Based on the analysis results and the operational safety needs of the FAST project, an ecological zoning and control scheme for the FAST Quiet Zone was proposed: the core area of FAST, the southwest part of the middle area, and the northwest part of the remote area were designated as ecologically important areas, the north part of the middle area and the south part of the remote area were designated as ecological improvement areas, and the rest were designated as general ecological areas.